-凯发k8游戏
��ࡱ�>�� `b����_�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r�p4bjbja.a.28#d�g#d�go
�������66������������8,j�n�^^^^^����m�m�m�m�m�m�m$ep�sf�mu�������m��^^49n666���^�^�m6��m666^�����c��������t6�mon0n6as�:as66t0as��j���6������m�m�l���n������������������������������������������������������������������������as���������6b�: world politics
volume 75, issue 3, july 2023
1. title: gender after genocide: how violence shapes long-term political representation
authors: gaikwad, nikhar; lin, erin; zucker, noah.
abstract: what are the legacies of violence on women's political representation? this article examines the long-term effects of a watershed conflict of the twentieth century: the khmer rouge genocide, during which 50�70 percent of cambodia's working-age men were killed. using original data on mass killings and economic and political conditions in cambodian communes, the authors find that genocide exposure is positively associated with women's economic advancement and current-day indicators of women's representation in local-level elected office. the authors conduct in-depth, ethnographic interviews with genocide survivors to explore the mechanisms by which violence spurred women into elected office. a crucial finding emerges: in areas that suffered the genocide's worst killings, widows obtained economic autonomy, providing a template for the economic advancement of women in traditional households with surviving men. the shift in norms regarding the sexual division of labor and its transmission through intracommunal and intergenerational pathways allowed women to adopt larger public roles over time in communities more exposed to genocide violence.
2. title: "this rally is not authorized": preventive repression and public opinion in electoral autocracies
authors: tertytchnaya, katerina.
abstract: does preventive repression dampen or does it bolster mass support for groups that dissent despite obstruction? although a large literature recognizes the importance of preventive repression for authoritarian stability, we know very little about its effects on public opinion. to gain traction on this question, this article draws on evidence from unusually detailed data on unauthorized and authorized protests from russia and an original survey experiment. the author shows that when authorities engage in preventive repression, such as when they deny protest authorizations, protesters' ability to generate support is compromised. preventive repression also conditions the effect of nonviolent demonstrator tactics on public opinion. these effects, however, are contingent on citizens' attitudes about the law and the authorities. this article's findings�which provide one of the first causal tests of the mass opinion effects of preventive repression�expand our understanding of the consequences and audiences of repression and have implications for studies of authoritarian resilience.
3. title: reforming global governance: power, alliance, and institutional performance
authors: carnegie, allison; richard clark.
abstract: a large literature analyzes the determinants of change in international institutions, focusing on the role of systemic political and economic shocks. however, this article considers this question also in more business-as-usual periods, asking when institutions of global governance reform and which states benefit from these changes. the authors argue that allies of international organizations (io)s' leading stakeholders benefit more than nonaligned countries; however, the authors also document that reforms sometimes contain concessions to nonallied members. this article theorizes that while io officials reward major stakeholders' allies in normal times, they provide concessions to nonallies during periods of poor io performance to prevent these states from disengaging. analyzing an original data set of reforms at the world bank between 1944 and 2018, paired with qualitative evidence, the article finds significant support for its hypotheses. the findings help to make sense of otherwise puzzling instances of power shifts within ios.
4. title: monopoly politics: price competition, learning, and the evolution of policy regimes
authors: peinert, erik.
abstract: in the long run, economic policy in advanced industrial states has historically alternated between favoring price competition and favoring the market power of domestic firms, across such disparate areas as antitrust, intellectual property, and trade. this article presents a theory of long-term policy change, based on the interaction of accumulating economic costs and staff turnover within the state, explaining multiple policy alternations during the twentieth century. policy regimes of competition or market power endogenously generate diminishing returns, manifested as unintended economic costs intrinsic to competition or market power. and yet policy regimes endure because established cadres of government officials remain committed to existing policy approaches. even as diminishing returns become apparent, it is only after the removal or circumvention of these established policymakers, through staff turnover and learning by uncommitted officials, that policy eventually changes course. the article supports this argument with extensive evidence from government archives in the united states and france.
5. title: the rise of grassroots civil society under one-party rule: the case of china's homeowner associations
authors: zeng, yu; jiang, junyan; li, jie; g�bel, christian.
abstract: conventional wisdom holds that one-party regimes are intrinsically hostile to civil society because organized citizens can threaten the regime's political dominance. contrary to this view, the authors argue t !#&'*,-./09������ʻʻʩ���wobbtf9tthj�5�ojqj^jo(h3,7h3,75�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh
2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h3,7h3,75�cjojqj^jajh3,75�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h3,7h3,75�cjojqj^jaj-./��g
h
�
2ef�fcd� wx�l a4b4������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4�������� �
��f
g
h
i
k
q
r
}
�
�
�
�
�
02df�nnnd���˽����������|���l||��l|^������hih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h3,7h3,7ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(h3,7h3,75�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^j!defghiop�����dfxzbcdegm����ķ٨���٨���}}}}}}p�cugh$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(hihanojqj^jh3,7h3,7ojqj^jh�)hto�ojqj^jo(hvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h3,7h3,75�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(mn����� 240���vwxy{������� j ��������ǹ���������xj��\jj���hvi�h�ps5�ojqj^jh�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(h3,7h3,7ojqj^jh�)h$?�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jhvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h3,7h3,75�ojqj^jh$?�5�ojqj^jo(j l ^ ` ~ "0?0?1?2?3?4@4a4b4c4d4e4f4g4h4i4j4k4l4m4n4o4p4�����������ƿ���������������h�uhjh�uhuhj<hj<5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(uh3,7h3,7ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hat genuinely voluntary civil society organizations may be tolerated, or even actively promoted, by governments in a one-party system when those organizations can help to efficiently resolve intrasocietal distributional conflicts arising from economic modernization. using china's homeowner associations (hoas) as a case, the article demonstrates that local authorities are more likely to promulgate policies that encourage the development of self-organized hoas when citizens frequently call upon the authorities to intervene and adjudicate their disputes with property development and management companies. an instrumental variables estimation suggests that the relationship is likely to be causal, and additional analyses on mechanisms reveal that citizens' complaints are most effective in eliciting pro-hoa policies when they are targeted at business rather than government actors. these findings highlight an important function of civil society organizations in street-level governance and offer a nuanced interpretation of how pluralistic elements may emerge in nonliberal systems.
b4d4e4g4h4j4k4m4n4o4p4����������gd)w�gd�
01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s����x2���� 0@p`p������2(�� 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p��8x�v~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@66666pj_hmh nhsh thj`��jck�e$1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ���$؞���k=�w[sobi���bnf�h����c���ݓ�v�u�a
��6f�������͌�n�|q�sax\��
���>�8�����o����( �b\�'x�77?��ڐ!����@5?�2�xy}xf�kp���gh�%v�ވ��
�����b���������|���g_���9�ѣ`(�b-�)�(������b"�{g��|07`�]�p�eb�_�?����1�r��!��?s���`��m�-�ʥ�v�_�\ĵ��j�������ns.���j�4����cw��\ zxc��筲�����/-���x��kp�//����z�֯a)���������_�bj���p��5f�� cf����r�]]�*�q�
yv)c�e��c��p@�$�=9i��!�_�������vhb�%(fv��va
��ߒ���602�- "�o�9idͿ
z}r�����'�=y�����s�z�%�����{��w�<����wo�~����omͩv�{����_�8}���:�oq�3�]a���c�.�`���/&�
1%��@�) �-z� �ȁ�cۏ�9t����"� �x��;adw�uɲ^��ln���m��m�]��\�(���'pb�ke#���b�c�{l��cw���k�� 6����q��kzv6�b�$��l\!ޖov�{uf]�n�# ���]l-7�bc�"��.����$c�΄�m\kh�t�)�z,�kf��~���apܜaߥ��frif.�;�1�d�f��ą�84����(��t�w����k�����>�v�ϯ����qw���[�y�ۙ�!®r��#��nq�̎�8�r{c���c�ާu�x>�i���lcwb�fv������f�n�a�ll ���\ᙠ8b|��=����v������>�l��i���}:��^�� dvs��n��<�<���s<� �/,�ݔy�o��z��"����-�x��ets�bc���~h�0�pd�<����f��7���q��sg��qǭتut�ւ���fn~�i0> �l�d��cy,xw#��h���g�e��� �lܸd|0������d���uޑ��c�h�ϐpڑ�w�>��ufіe%��=qv���q�90`����ǚ��ȱ����r���@x pf�������]6h�:�eu��vv�d�^(g�pl%st���e�5�@��(ً�0��$�$��e�$}�ns��;{/,�,� ��p-�jyt�����k~�" �q0�t��pϣ���>#�̙v��=ˀ<������ݥ�v�h[$�t�ih��o��-x��j�<4.��<�=�
mr �q��.��5��������qͯ��!e�(��c82��q�#�w.dx�җ<}�/sy.d�0u�.:i5���ܣ$��j�yh�k��v\�����[����a��!�k3�ɗ�tz >�λz��`%���n88�zt��"h�r��8 ^so�
�
y�s�izv�wq:��ud�m;�y�s�.�}������j�d�{�j��s�n�u���ү{���q4�iu�5�u̲0ks��\�7x�\5���i�/��z77'd]����u��j�1��b�x�u͞�ڽc��3���iu�2s;緬g8���:?��g-,
gs���~un��f�c(m�r�t
jxi�d=�dec�n���pk!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m
�0���wooӻ�&݈э���5
6?$q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt���8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p����8�g/]�qasم(����#��l�[������pk-!����[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��60_rels/.relspk-!ky���theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!�r���theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-!
ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]�
}$8���� �dmj p4b4p4�@� @���������h ��0�( �
����0�( �
��b
�s���� ?�������`
i
��-4/5;>@e��^b��uxzdoqrtuwxz~��o~3oqrtuwxz~ !#'*,//9����ghhr������!
#
#
-
x
y
y
�
�
�
����#$$-<g����r]mnn~��q04e��n[g],-�o�����`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�={u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~��
{r�v�4�1l2q �"�iaha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*�7��:a��^b� �l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�`
rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a
6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[�
k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~�
��y��k�
?i��� *�?=��#??*�@�4le�dw"
���z�g�kd�2�^e�-h�x�w��t�bs &�x�-z�y��w�i�>�:-��u
kkkkdw"
q�x�-h�
k^r�
�^�vxb�
�=#�/y�pur ����
��'ff�x-z�d�y�(��)fk{z��fv��-�p�'�e��4�!~q�2h`�?i��be��@��fk-<"��l�q�u��y/�x{��]^�~76=&�fp����`
[� ��rh&<�^��oc!��d{�/�"���[��h�2��d���t��w�8i� (f�tl(����}�t�a9�~�8��7l��4�";�g)n��p7v}g�xd|��&�h�w�a�g�b�u�d\*�)#jb�l�d�
)r�}��w�gl$l��r�qh� v���/xcz.�^m~;�|p%�fzps7l�ps�#���<>)��s��vj��h5h 5� a�l[�x� xcz�be�yfdxl�y��raj>�n�cr%v��h�a9�� !`��}<�q�}q =�7y]��r�-�>l�fp�����.��zf�7��
�e�o[kh,~�hmpm~�mg�=�j��>m�?[%��'w�jo8�l�y2\gqwez ��p]74�`a��m�!�|z��z:�*��b!�g;cq�qq�h�nk^r a�x�t
an�gap�y8��x���s��d���z��j�vzq��t\
~��av'po�_m4�i�w��tkpb�`
rq1��yn�pur �p}��� urep�&>!�z[fxx)!�b!x{�ec!�t�k��oc!�v�>b(p!� ]!�3�l��!nr�q�m�!�j#�g-�!�f�d�[z"�u&z�6'�"�zy�q �"ji�_��m�"� ]!�&�"�)��/�"|z�s\�"=v�g��~#�)9~��k#�� �i3#�#?�=#�i\;�j#p%�sh�#���2k�#�|�#ry �ps�#pb��9�#�sa�d $��yj!4$�`�%�qg$�ep$�"e<@v�$:*�$�[��p�$�]'��?[>�?z]%�`�%vd�i1�%�lyk-,�%�,�=��l�%�z�@�x�%�!0��e&poq�bs &�b*&t�(6=&�'w�rh&2\�qp&nyvc��t�&��&�]'�ep$�tw�'~d:(�r�'�kl��>�'��5�l�'�taz��w(r�@�~d:(�_(it~tl(�x�,�dm�(�t�(�pi�(��]�a#�(�j�`�<>)^e��w)!,�f���)�l�%��)mq{�"*�^�i��le*^l�x�ne*n9��^�*�:8t��[? �v ��o�(s� qh� �`� q�f�� {p���c,@�i��#,�dq[mk, @p�qb,�d&d��,�>m��x�,�{u�,�@�q>,-�m4-rt�h�fk-�r�-�j�n�2@�-�ggc���-x*�y���->o.-dt��t�.��z]�.�x��<}7/d|���y/ds}���/: o=tj�/0�u0{z�o�!0�ran 0gy|�5j90�$�}�;1�0��efw2
�z��>2"o�m�29!"e�w�2�f\�h�2n�~�w�3ui�� �3dj�u�3��x@�4�;�4�d5��p�4@l�5h 5�^b^�
-a5�pv5�d5tw�'��5��5md-�b�5i�d��v�5
-a5�a
6�`d�#6ghch�81�6�&7��6�a�r!�6q1���@�6xx�6)1:t�&7�x�\�~74\�7bd9t=r�7��gr
f8c�]��jo8�~�8���8��b�n9?oi�q�9�a:�kx_�s�:kkkk�3�:�!�q�o";�4mj�e);jo;�i\;�%�|c;�q��viu;�ru�;�~7�[u�u�`fr>�>�'i�>r]��v�>lrb�mt?<#iq!{�?p[5=�tf�?�t�&�?�*��o-�?�mt?�s�?
u|3e�?�-x{�8�?�@}��*.}@��)��-�@�t�`�r�@g��z�@z]%hag;��:a�s6ay8���doahu�(�a�le*�&e�ana��.�an���a�$,&d]�l�d|1�q�i�dbl#g�>e�\���ez�v�n�e�v ��'�e�#�c�dd�e�e);���hfs�]�=bdf�^^n��z[f�y���f�"�o w~g� l`�#�g�{9=��g=v�g�o�t�{s
h�-h�pv5p@h�og�ghch'\l��&�h�t�e�hoaq�!~q��y#%�q@gku�nr�q�q��qqg$�r)b;r�,�q��0hr�l�-vr�zwr�
{r;1�0��y{r�i�r�� �(u�r�$atxcs�#sw/�=)dsfzps8ts)b;r��ts�#�g3%�s�{�s�;�4��g/t�4>�:8t�gn�bd9t]z[t� �m��td $�`�t�s��?�t)ds����,!u�rdi�@gku�u0
g�u���uxcs>�uc;�rxyyv�d�^�v4�o�v;;�v�j$w�w�w�6�x�m�2:3�x�q�y���x�3�:��o�x�#s^l�x\<�jg�xq>,- q�x�}<��x_/,j�zy��t��`-y<myv��q�yv^mc���y<z�&xfk{z�kd
�zhp��[�enx�:[�=�^�`
[�0�[(>y��f\�?\i�(��\�m��x�\~�f<1/�\�s���7y]�>aqs�]���c�]hv�i���]viu;�]^ph$^�^b^�`.�^�=�^�1_�kx_�a9�ji�_l{�� !`�qb,�� l`�y`� ��t�`�=�}�j�`�qq��u�`�>�`_m�t
a��&na[mk,�9a��q���a��5��>�asq�y�3j�a�zwr�a�t�3b@�z��)ib�u~b1�h��u�b�~#�%;�b@v�$03cd.�b�ggcg-�!�va�c�^����c(�a�u�c�0hr��#�c�j$wvd0q|�`d�d&d�@�m�j�d;;�v����f�d,-�zn�d�|�#�9!"e2k�#�g e�/e� *^ee����l\e�>e��eme�hgqwe�u
�t�edu�efd��&fji�,\f<}7/��zfs{tq�f3%�s!,�fqx{~�fxx�6�a�f6�f<z�bl#g�^blkqg�j9r��g8|k=�z�g�-9h�k?oi�u�<mebi�rdi�b*&��b~i�y{r4�i�`-y�^�ix�u�nf�i�~7djtj�/v,�j�8�?w�j�`�t�=�j�4�q\<�j�dk�g�tkzl!{�?�klv:g��3�l<|�<ie�lj l�^(m��k��.�mz*�ma�� �m�hn�y`�gn��!�g)nfr>��^^nv��,mn�kj>�nh#�n�gv'po�
���"�o�"�o6gp�e�oh��.�o�r��v�omg���o]z[thptf�?(ap(s� @p�[? bep=r�7�c�p�qp&��dq�vzq� �<#iq�!�q� ���qq =��,�q�w�#!�q{s
h�4�q�a�f�l�q|1�q6s�~r�q3q-rie�l��j9r �3�c;�rn[g� �r�-�@�y0�sb(p!��s{fm�w�s-vr���-dt�y�)1:to
�v�$at�6�x� 0w?0w?0w?0w?�.�t�/e��t(ap�}�t�o�t�u2�&xph$^�enx[�x,mnf�x&xn
�x�0�<�=.y6�f�� oyrgox*�y�x�u��yd]-sq�y7���yxl�y�t�.��y];yw��y�w��u&z�*n{��tazr=��whkzjx �.tzji��z@�z�.�o���z�`�o��%�z�q�wv{�nh{$,&d�*n{�s�?mq{
hr{��6�jbs{�-x{qx{�@�6m�{�d��0q|�~�vgy|��s�
u|�[|�w)�\�| w~g;�|�g ek�|�.�t�y>�|b�5�ds}xyyv�p}�r>�$�}dm�(�m�}j<�v��=�}jbs{�q�}\
~�=�h,~03c��)9~whkzit~�;�~j{�~0�n�n�~l�s{t�<(>y\*�4e�z �j�{p�4\�7��(k�i����x��m�j�����[w�3`2 r� �p
j^�n�_ati�wb��.h j<sh�t�_o>s�r#�l$�}&�m'�m(�)�g)%j,�p.�i/�2�z2'4t4.6�63,7*8;i8cj8�9�i;�e=k&>e!@jj@r7a�ec�nd�udvf�uh0i4tj�kul%man�%smkxgy�py�]�^ro_5a�7ahc
2e�lf�qf�)gjmi�ckalthllmnnm}on[r�ps0@ui1vywicy�x}�/�wt�mw��=��=��`�j�nj��9�l�.~�v�=h��j��~�du�� �=i�fj�to�4��m��2�)w���lz���c�7�u<�[��t��r�������cb��^�v��\�a�vi�|w�r�����$?��n��
��!�s/����8�*��-��_�$-��f�><����r�'��c�7"����s�?5����"�gl�bj�h��-���
��"�l%�w�p�2����y����e�`-�|�oq�@�,,,,p���
�----}@@@@ @@@,@@@8@@ @`@��unknown������������g��.�[x� �times new roman5��symbol3.��.�[x� �arial7.���[ @�verdana;���(�[sosimsun9,����|�8i{�~ light?�����|�8i{�~dengxiana����$b�cambria math q��h;"�f�g�u��.��.a-!),.:;?]}���� & 6"0000 00
00000��� ������=�@�\�]�^���([{� 0
000000��;�[����������2cc 3�q��@p��?�����������������������"�2!xx�̢)\���user
sppm-lib01��
�����oh�� '��0x������� ��
,8@hp�usernormalsppm-lib01137microsoft office word@>�/@�y��\�@.�v������
��՜.�� ,��0�
x`t|�������microsoft.c
���� !"#$����&'()* ,-./0123456789:;<=>?@abcdefghijklmn����pqrstuv����xyz[\]^��������a����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������root entry�������� �f�c����c�data
������������1table����%asworddocument����28summaryinformation(������������odocumentsummaryinformation8��������wcompobj������������n������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
���� �fmicrosoft word 97-2003 �ĵ�
msworddocword.document.8�9�q