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��ࡱ�>�� u �r�v�bjbj�n�n2��a��a�m ��""��8��}$��ql��p�p�p�p�p�p�p$�r��u<�p��p��4:q��p��p��p�mn��@�sppq0�q��u�:�u��l1�u�md��p�p-��q��u��"qs: public administration review volume 83, issue 3, may/june 2023 1. title: how qualitative research methods can be leveraged to strengthen mixed methods research in public policy and public administration? authors: kathryn hendren, kathryn newcomer, sanjay k. pandey, margaret smith, nicole sumner abstract: recently, there have been a variety of arguments voiced to encourage that more attention be given to the role qualitative methods can play in mixed methods research in public policy and public administration. this article discusses these claims and describes the benefits of qualitative approaches, and how qualitative research methods can be leveraged to strengthen mixed methods research in public administration. we also provide a guide for improving the credibility of mixed methods research through increasing transparency and discussions of all methodological decisions. this study is based on a systematic content analysis of 186 mixed methods studies published in public policy and public administration journals between 2010 and 2018. we found that findings from the quantitative methods dominated the mixed methods studies, little diversity in data collection and analysis methods, and frequent failure to integrate insights from both methods. we also analyzed the 36 qualitative-dominant studies in the sample, and illuminated seven different ways that authors of qualitative-dominant studies leveraged the qualitative strand to strengthen mixed methods research. we developed lessons from our analysis of the qualitative-dominant articles on how to incorporate qualitative methods in a thoughtful manner, articulate a role for each strand, and effectively support findings with one or more strands. 2. title: the nexus of public administration, public policy, and nonprofit studies: an empirical mapping of research topics and knowledge integration authors: megan lepere-schloop, rebecca nesbit abstract: the interdisciplinary fields of public administration (pa), public policy studies (pp), and nonprofit studies (nonprofit) all contribute to our understanding of public affairs, but the nature and extent of their knowledge integration are empirically unclear. the current study adapts rafols and meyer's framework for understanding interdisciplinary research integration and applies bibliometric and qualitative methods to analyze citation trends among pa, pp, and nonprofit journal articles published between 2009 and 2020. our findings reveal that articles in pa and pp journals cite nonprofit journals at a low (but consistent) rate, while those in nonprofit journals cite their pa and pp counterparts more frequently. using qualitative coding, we developed a taxonomy of 15 broad research categories at the nexus of the fields: three of these (collaboration, networks, and partnerships; public service provision; and financial management) were shown to integrate knowledge from pa/pp and nonprofits, while several others indicated the potential to do so. 3. title: how to systematically analyze co-production to inform future policies? introducing 5ws of co-production authors: artur steiner, jane farmer, sophie yates, michael moran, karen carlisle abstract: the �woolliness� and �methodological hurdles� of co-production make it challenging to compare and contrast different co-production policy initiatives and their outcomes, and distil �what works�, for whom and in what circumstances. inspired by nabatchi et al. (2017) 3ws typology of the who, when, and what of co-production, we draw on co-production theory deriving from a narrative literature review and empirical research of co-production cases in scotland and australia. we propose a new �5ws� co-production framework of who, when, what, why, and where, arguing that the context (where) should be an integral part of co-production analyses as socio-political, geographical conditions, and service settings influence the processes and outcomes of co-production, and that the reasons (why) behind co-production determine who is involved in co-production. the paper suggests that the 5ws of co-production can offer a useful theoretical lens for analyzing a variety of international co-production cases to inform future policies and practice. 4. title: legitimate public participation: a q methodology on the views of politicians authors: jos� nederhand, jurian edelenbos abstract: governments seem to be trapped in a legitimacy paradox. while politicians and public managers, especially on the local level, increasingly initiate public participation to enhance the legitimacy of public decisions, the actual impact of citizens' input on political decision-making is often low, contributing to a loss of legitimacy. to solve this paradox, this article unravels the views of local politicians in the netherlands on the democratic legitimacy of public participation via q-methodology. despite the large pa-scholarship on public participation, empirical research into how politicians view and value public participation remains scarce. the findings reveal politicians either prefer participation that is conditioned by government or participation that empowers citizens to speak up. taking the views of politicians into account in designing public participation processes improves the chance that politicians will do justice to its outcomes and hence contributes to public participation that is not symbolical but meaningfully informs political decision-making. 5. title: beyond hollowing out: public sector managers and the use of external management consultants authors: ian kirkpatrick, andrew j. sturdy, nuria reguera alvarado, gianluca veronesi abstract: expenditure on management consultants in public sector organizations is generally seen as contributing to a hollowing out of the state through the substitution of internal management capability. however, there is little systematic evidence for this view which also ignores how public sector managers may, themselves, drive consulting use. looking at 125 english public hospitals over 6 years, we explore the relationship between the development and composition of management functions and spending on consultants. our findings show the absence of a substitution effect and, therefore, challenge the �hollowing out� thesis. instead, they point to a more active, occupationally varied and political use of consultancy. we find that larger management functions overall are associated with greater reliance on consultants�a complementary relationship. however, where a higher proportion of managers are engaged in internal consulting functions, this results in the lower use of external management consultants, with implications for theory, research and policy. 6. title: evaluating the impact of different spatial linkages on forum outcome interdependencies in polycentric systems authors: danielle m. mclaughlin abstract: in complex polycentric systems, decisions regarding the governance of certain subsystems (e.g., watersheds) are often determined by networks of diverse actors who participate across a range of forums tackling interconnected collective actions issues (e.g., water quality, biodiversity, flood management). compounding this structural complexity are the multifaceted interdependencies that exist between forums across a system. drawing on the ecology of games theory (egt), this article investigates the impact of different types of network linkages on outcome interdependence between forums. using a series of spatial autoregressive models on data collected in a tampa bay water governance system, i find evidence that co-membership and organizational networks serve as pathways for outcome spillovers between forums. building theory that helps elucidate how different types of network relationships may influence outcomes across a system is critical for the continued development of egt and the governance of polycentric systems. 7. title: trust, power, and organizational routines: exploring government's intentional tactics to renew relationships with nonprofits serving historically marginalized communities authors: yuan (daniel) cheng, jodi sandfort abstract: existing public management practices and organizational routines in the contracting regime have systematically created power asymmetry and distrust between government agencies and nonprofits serving historically marginalized communities. however, little is known about how the government could reform public bureaucracies to renew relationships with these important organizations and build trust. through a process-oriented inductive study of minnesota's 2-generation policy network, we find that government's cascading trust-building tactics both inside the bureaucracy and with nonprofits serving black, latino, indigenous, and immigrant/refugee communities allowed them to create a new collaborative infrastructure that both changed organizational routines and built power to address racial inequities in the existing human service system. power is not a zero-sum game. by sharing resources and building trust with their nonprofit partners, government agencies and nonprofits collectively access more power for genuine public management reform to address systematic inequities. 8. title: the limited impact of reference groups' symbolic gender representation on willingness to coproduce authors: martin sievert abstract: previous literature presents a strong rationale for the positive impact of symbolic representation in coproduction contexts. however, empirical studies yield inconclusive findings indicating that meaningful effects are limited if citizens face high levels of uncertainty. this article combines symbolic representation with signaling theory, suggesting that the representativeness of central reference groups might reduce uncertainty. the theoretical framework suggests that the representation of supervisors and existing coproducers might positively affect citizens' willingness to coproduce. contrary to the theoretical expectations, the empirical results from two preregistered factorial survey experiments (n = 2979), situated in prisoner rehabilitation and refugee integration, indicate that the symbolic gender representation of these reference groups has a limited impact. only a balanced representation of coproducers exhibits a positive treatment effect on citizens' willingness to coproduce. the results oppose central arguments in the representative bureaucracy literature. at least for gender categories, symbolic representation is less important than expected. 9. title: influence of external authorities on collaborative frictions authors: chenlin zhao, xiaohu wang, peter t. y. cheung, jingyuan xu abstract: when institutional frictions threaten to disrupt collaborations, an external authority can be brought in to resolve disputes. how effective is such external imposition? what are the institutional circumstances in which it works? framed by the collaborative governance regime (cgr), which sees established procedures and institutions as a critical collaborative capacity, this research employs a unique concept�collaborative friction�to explore the role of external imposition in collaboration among entities with significant institutional differences. we examined 965 recorded collaborative frictions from four large collaborative infrastructure projects between governments in hong kong and mainland china. our finding suggests a significant, but limited, effect of the central government's imposition on collaborative frictions. we also find a significant role of sociopolitical circumstances in collaboration. based on the findings, we make several theoretical propositions articulating external imposition's role in collaboration. 10. title: same product, different price: experimental evidence on the transaction cost expenditures of selling to governments and firms authors: matthew potoski, ole helby petersen, trevor l. brown abstract: whether governments pay more than firms when contracting has been an important and stubbornly vexing question in public management. one challenge has been finding ways to credibly compare the costs of engaging in market transactions with governments versus firms. in this paper, we systematically compare the costs of contracting when governments and firms buy the same product under the same circumstances. using data from a randomized experiment of danish firms, we examine selling firms' transaction cost expenditures when selling the same product to governments and other firms. we find that firms estimate spending about 34 percent more on transaction cost expenditures when selling to governments than when selling the same product to firms. experience in selling to governments is associated with lower transaction cost expenditures, suggesting that learning can reduce firms' costs of selling to governments and firms. 11. title: the reputational dividends of collaborating with a highly reputable agency: the case of interagency collaboration between the u.s. fda and its domestic partner agencies authors: moshe maor, raanan sulitzeanu-kenan, meital balmas abstract: what reputational dividends in the media, if any, do federal agencies reap from collaboration with a highly reputable agency, such as the u.s. food and drug administration (fda)? utilizing a dataset covering 30 u.s. federal agencies over a period of 34 years (1980 2013), we estimate the short and long-term reputational effects of interagency collaboration. collaboration is measured by the number of memorandums of understanding in effect between each agency and the fda, while agency reputation in the media is assessed using an automated measure of media-coverage valence (positive/negative tone) for each agency-year. to account for potential reverse and reciprocal causality, we utilize cross-lagged fixed-effects models. we find evidence of moderate rises in reputation in the media due to increased collaboration with the fda. these effects persist significantly for 2 years following the end of the collaboration, before declining to null after 4 years. employing similar analyses, we furthermore estimate reverse causality of reputation in the media on the level of consequent collaboration finding no evidence of such effects. 12. title: intermunicipal cooperation, integration forms, and vertical and horizontal effects in japan authors: yu noda abstract: this article identifies the effects of intergovernmental relations, particularly vertical relations between municipalities and higher levels of government where institutional collective action has traditionally been under-discussed, on types of collaborative benefits and different integration forms. the analysis was conducted using data from municipalities on the capital-intensive service of waste management. the findings reveal that favorable horizontal relationships between municipalities enhance their capacity to solve both municipal and regional issues. the study also found that a high level of benefits emerged in contracted services when the horizontal relationship was highly favorable. in addition, vertical relationships with higher-level governments contributed to improving fiscal efficiency, with greater perceived benefits of collaboration in the case of special district governments. the results suggest that while autonomous horizontal collaboration increases municipal capacity to solve issues, establishing collaborative relations with organizations from outside the municipality has the potential to generate an efficient integration system. 13. title: in search of the collaborative advantage of public-private partnerships: a comparative analysis of dutch transport infrastructure projects authors: stefan verweij, shreya anna satheesh abstract: the theory of collaborative advantage is a major theory rationalizing the role of public-private partnerships (ppps). however, the evidence for the theory in the case of ppps is weak: the literature lacks studies that compared the actual performance and collaboration of ppps to that of traditionally procured public projects. the aim of this article is to test the theory of a collaborative advantage of ppps, focusing on three common performance indicators: time, cost, and perceived project performance. data were collected on dutch transport infrastructure projects. ppps were compared to traditionally procured projects with non-parametric tests and robust regression using weighted least squares estimator. it was found that ppps have better cost performance but that this performance advantage cannot be attributed to collaboration. therefore, it is concluded that no evidence was found for the theory of a collaborative advantage of ppps. 14. title: social inclusion, social exclusion, and the role of leaders in avoiding�or promoting�societal collapse authors: montgomery van wart, miranda mcintyre, jeremy l. hall abstract: not since the late 1850s has the united states seen the portents leading to a major political crisis be so numerous and grave. over the last two decades, local and national social capital has steeply declined, culminating in a near-collapse of social capital within the last 6 years. the potential for a national political crisis is now more plausible, making a dramatic crisis (e.g., bloodless revolt, a civil war, or secession) conceivable within a generation. this article reviews the interlocking concepts of social inclusion, social exclusion, radicalization, and societal collapse and draws from these concepts to elucidate the antecedents to major political crises. we connect these observations to the central role of political and administrative leadership in a democratic society in challenging times. integrative recommendations for combating extremism and radicalization are provided to highlight key strategies for restoring social capital and stability. 15. title: $&./19<>?@bk�� ʸʸʸ��~qcuhc=2h�`u5�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h h 5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h h 5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h h 5�cjojqj^jaj?@a�* ��n|��l�� hi� 3$4$��gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4 ) * 3 4 ��mnvwm{|��ȼ��և�yi��^yi�pch�y�h�y�ojqj^jhih�l$ojqj^jo(h�`u5�ojqj^jhvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�y�h�y�5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h h ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(h h 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fffff'f��ⱥ��yk]y�o]a�ⱥh�9�h[5�ojqj^jh[h�s�5�ojqj^jh�s�h�s�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�s�5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(h[h)w�ojqj^jo(h�o`h�o`ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jh[h)w�5�ojqj^jo(ht�ht�5�ojqj^jh�`u5�ojqj^jh[h[5�ojqj^j ff�j�jnk|k9o:o�o�o�u�uhxcx�{�{||�}�}k~l~)@��gda�gd �gdmw�gd)w�gd�s�'f(f�j�j�j�j�j�j�jmknkwkgk{k|k�k�k8o9o:o;oodoeo�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�u�u�u�u�u�u��ⱥ㯡��uhzob�;h �h �h�s�5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(h[h)w�ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jh[h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h�s�h�s�5�ojqj^jh�`u5�ojqj^jh[hmw�5�ojqj^jh��h��5�ojqj^jhmw�5�ojqj^jo(hmw�hmw�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^j�u�u�uxgxhxqxbxcxlxmx�{�{|||||��ƹԨ��qhzqf9h�s�5�ojqj^jo(h�`u5�ojqjo(hmk5�ojqjhmkhmk5�ojqjo(h)w�5�ojqjh[h)w�ojqj^jo(h�s�h�s�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jh$?�h �5�ojqj^jo(hmw�h �5�ojqj^jh[h �5�ojqj^jh�s�h�s�5�ojqj^juh �5�ojqj^jo(h �h �5�ojqj^jcompetence in virtual communication: remote transformational leadership authors: lauren h. loyless abstract: this paper seeks to evaluate how researched communication methods from within transformational leadership theory can contribute to the overall effectiveness of leader and organizational performance within remote working environments. a review of existing literature within the scope of research will aim to uncover if the four established elements of communication (oral, written, listening, and nonverbal), as defined by the van wart text leadership in public organizations, remain efficient in transformational leadership theory, or if methods must be expanded upon when looking toward the future. with the onset of the covid-19 global pandemic in 2020, it is theorized that a modern-day addition to the communications mix is needed to endure contemporary events impacting leadership performance and rapidly changing organizations across the world. �nn/ffnċ� 16. title: teaching public budgeting and finance: a practical guide by bruce d. mcdonald, meagan m. jordan (ed.), new york: routledge. 2022. pp. 285. $44.95 (pbk). isbn: 978-1-032-14668-3 authors: sarah e. larson abstract: the article reviews the book �teaching public budgeting and finance: a practical guide� by meagan m. jordan and bruce d. mcdonald. 17. title: rethinking policy piloting: insights from indian agriculture by sreeja nair. cambridge, united kingdom: cambridge university press. 2021. pp. 177. (hbk). isbn: 978-1-108-84039-2 authors: vishal narain abstract: the article reviews the book �rethinking policy piloting: insights from indian agriculture� by sreeja nair. 18. title: sergio fernandez, representative bureaucracy and performance: public service transformation in south africa, london: palgrave macmillan. 2020. 288 pp. (including index), $84.99 (cloth). isbn: 978-3-030-32133-8 authors: norma m. riccucci abstract: the article reviews the book �representative bureaucracy and performance: public service transformation in south africa� by sergio fernandez. ||$|&|�}�}�}�}�}�}�}~=~a~b~h~i~j~k~l~��ȸ�ț�~qdqzdzdl>ha�h)w�5�ojqjo(ha�h)w�ojqj^jo(ha�ojqj^jha�ha�ojqj^jh&�h&�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jh$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hmw�h �5�ojqj^jh[h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hmkhmk5�ojqj^jh �5�ojqj^jo(h �h �5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jl~n~p~v~w~()2?@ijh��ʼ��׀sfs\fnc��ʼh)w�5�ojqjo(h[h)w�ojqj^jo(ha�ojqj^jha�ha�ojqj^jh&�h&�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hmw�hjmi5�ojqj^jh[h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h&�h&�5�ojqj^jh)w�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�s�5�ojqj^jo(��׀0�4�5�e�f�g�h�i�k�l�n�o�q�r�u�v��ķ��vh`\`\`\`\hh�3jh�3uhj<hj<5�ojqjo(h�r�h)w�ojqj^jo(h _ojqj^jh _h _ojqj^jh&�h&�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jh$?�h�7a5�ojqj^jo(h&�h&�5�ojqj^jhmw�h�7a5�ojqj^jh�r�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(��g�h�j�k�m�n�p�q�s�t�u�v��gd�gd)w�gd�7a 01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s��s2�� 0@p`p��2(�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p��8x�v~�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@pj_hmh nhsh thj`��jck�e$1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ��$؞��k=�w[sobi��bnf�h�&��ŝ�]�6��ҩ��n=��in��a7��qb&>!"�h [�� lx�z)��w�v�og�%�ţ|8mă#�/��8��'��=��q�u*��c�`c�w{�d6��/�[��yl��%�� n� {�\�o�sm�/�~��i�bcax��/=xe��'5��&\�h�4da��,ye\}�)�l�a��r�^��*�z��y�v-wowz�n�]��:m�v�=t�c��w��r�b��*i�v�u�r��u��|�nc`�|��*^��pk! ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m �0��wooӻ�&݈э��5 6?$q�� ,.�a��i��c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt��8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p��8�g/]�qasم(��#��l�[��pk-!��[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��60_rels/.relspk-!ky��theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!��f��theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-! ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]� �m�� (n.m3p8�<'fk@k�m�m333�m�m�m�m�m�m�m�m�mmm]]��)�)k.k...33g=g=�a�a�a�a�i�i�i�i�imjnjnjwjfjgjgjqj�j�j�jk�k�k�k�k�k�k�k�k?lalalllmmm'm8m9m9mcm�m�m�m�m��q04e��n[g],-�o��`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�={u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~�� {r�v�4�1l2q �"�iaha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*�7��:a��^b� �l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�` rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a 6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[� k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~� ��y��k� ?i�� *�?=��#??*�@�4le�dw" ��z�g�kd�2�^e�-h�x�w��t�bs &�x�-z�y��w�i�>�:-��u kkkkdw" q�x�-h� k^r� �^�vxb� �=#�/y�pur �� 'ff�x-z�d�y�(��)fk{z��fv��-�p�'�e��4�!~q�2h`�?i��be��@��fk-<"��l�q�u��y/�x{��]^�~76=&��` [� ��rh&<�^��oc!��d{�/�"��[��h�2��d��t��w�8i� (f�tl(��}�t�a9�~�8p=��7l��4�";�g)n��kc�p7v}g�xd|��&�h�w�a�g�b�u�d\*�)#jb�l�d� )r�}��w�gl$l��r�qh� v��/�hxcz.�^m~;�|p%�fzps7l�ps�#��<>)��s��vj��h5h 5� a�l[�x� xcz�be�yfdxl�y��raj>�n�cr%v��h�a9�� !`��}<�q�}q =�7y]��r�-��.��zf�7�� e�o[kh,~�hmpm~�mg�=�j��>m�?[%��'w�jo8�l�y2\gqwez ��p]74�`a��m�!�|z��z:�*��b!�g;cq�qq�h�nk^r a�x�t an�gap�y8��x��s��d��z��j�vzq��t\ ~��av'po�_m4�i�w��tkpb�` rq1��yn�pur �p}�� urep�&>!�z[fxx)!�b!x{�ec!�t�k��oc!�v�>b(p!� ]!�3�l��!nr�q�m�!�j#�g-�!�f�d�[z"�u&z�6'�"�zy�q �"ji�_��m�"� ]!�&�"�)��/�"|z�s\�"=v�g��~#�)9~��k#�� i3#�#?�=#�i\;�j#p%�sh�#��2k�#�|�#ry �ps�#pb��9�#�sa�d $��yj!4$�`�%�qg$�ep$�"e<@v�$:*�$�[��p�$�]'��?[>�?z]%�`�%vd�i1�%�lyk-,�%�,�=��l�%�z�@�x�%�!0��e&poq�bs &�b*&t�(6=&�'w�rh&2\�qp&nyvc��t�&��&�]'�ep$�tw�'~d:(�r�'�kl��>�'��5�l�'�taz��w(r�@�~d:(�_(it~tl(�x�,�dm�(�t�(�pi�(��]�a#�(�j�`�<>)^e��w)!,�f��)�l�%��)mq{�"*�^�i��le*^l�x�ne*n9��^�*�:8t��[? 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