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��ࡱ�>�� ce����b��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r�-bjbj��2>�}�}% ���������������������8/4c��mlwwwww���amcmcmcmcmcmcm$.o��q8gm������gm��ww4|m������w�wam��am���w����@��'�u��mr�-m�m0�m�r�lr��f0r�j��������gmgm������m������������������������������������������������������������������������r���������� �: policy studies journal volume 50, issue 2, may 2022 1. title: institutional analysis with the institutional grammar authors: saba siddiki, tanya heikkila, christopher m. weible, raul pacheco-vega, david carter, cali curley, aaron deslatte, abby bennett abstract: institutions are strategies, norms, and rules embodied in public policies and/or social conventions. they reflect and establish expectations about who can do what, where, and how, and are often employed for resolving collective action dilemmas and other kinds of governance challenges. given their salience, social science scholars have dedicated substantial effort to developing analytical approaches for understanding the design, function, and performance of institutions. particularly valuable are approaches that generalize across institutional types and are versatile enough to be paired with multiple concepts, theories, and methods. this paper focuses on one such approach, called the institutional grammar. the institutional grammar is an approach for assessing the structure and content of institutions. it received limited attention immediately following its introduction. in recent years, however, numerous journal articles have been published that highlight the promise of the institutional grammar for supporting rigorous analyses of institutional design and associated outcomes within the context of various theoretical, conceptual, and methodological approaches. this article (i) reintroduces parts of the institutional grammar; (ii) summarizes the theoretical, methodological, and empirical foci of all journal articles published to date that address it; and (iii) presents an agenda for advancing the study of institutions using the institutional grammar. 2. title: rules and the ruled: understanding joint patterns of institutional design and behavior in complex governing arrangements authors: tom�s olivier, edella schlager abstract: institutions are the rules of the game that guide policy behavior. yet, the policy and administration literature on institutions and institutional design have been developed largely in parallel to policy behavior and network literatures. drawing insights from both, we apply the institutional grammar tool along with survey data to assess how addressing collective action problems result in variations in institutional designs and how rules influence behavior. our case is the new york city watersheds, where new york city, local governments, the state, and the federal government agreed to secure access to high-quality, unfiltered drinking water for new york city. despite a long history of conflict, the parties devised a complex governing arrangement that created credible commitments while providing for a variety of public goods. results show that rule configurations differ depending on whether they create credible commitments or provide public goods, and that credible commitment rules guide collaboration patterns among stakeholders. 3. title: prescribed by law and therefore realized? analyzing rules and their implied actor interactions as networks authors: laura herzog, karin ingold, edella schlager abstract: managing environmental problems requires cross-sectoral and cross-level collaboration among actors. scholars of institutional arrangements investigate how rules shape such collaboration. scholars of the advocacy coalition framework (acf) look for explanations for collaboration in actors' values and beliefs. rarely have these two factors been considered together when studying collaborative behavior. this paper considers institutional arrangements and actor values to examine the structure and potential drivers of actor collaboration. the study combines the institutional analysis and development framework and the acf, applying social network analysis to explore an interaction network prescribed by rules and a surveyed collaboration network. it tests the influence of actor beliefs, reputation, and institutional arrangements on collaboration investigating water management in the german ruhr catchment. the study finds that perceived power and actor beliefs explain actor collaboration better than institutional arrangements and that perceived interactions are more diverse and denser than hierarchically structured networks of prescribed interactions. 4. title: assessing sustainability through the institutional grammar of urban water systems authors: aaron deslatte, laura helmke-long, john m. anderies, margaret garcia, george m. hornberger, elizabeth ann koebele abstract: urban water supply systems in the united states are designed to be robust to a wide range of historical hydrological conditions in both their physical infrastructure and in the institutional arrangements that govern their use. however, these systems vary greatly in their capacity to respond to new and evolving stressors on water supplies, such as those associated with climate change. developing a more precise understanding of the complexity of interactions between the environmental and human components of urban water systems, specifically via their institutions, has the potential to help identify institutional design choices that can foster proactive transitions to more sustainable operating states. this article adapts the institutional grammar (ig) within the robustness of coupled infrastructure systems framework to assess how a heavily engineered system's institutional configuration may impact its ability to transition to more sustainable management practices. while use of the ig has historically been limited in larger-n studies, our application demonstrates its flexibility in revealing variation in specific components across cases. the analysis finds the structure of formal institutions shape the interactions between actors differently, and that institutional diversity exists across environmental contexts. the extent to which this institutional diversity drives transitions remains an open question. the results highlight both the importance of and challenges involved with developing longitudinal data on social and natural system interactions. 5. title: policy composition and adoption duration: capturing conflict in the legislative process authors: catherine chen, tanya heikkila, christopher m. weible, jill yordy, hongtao yi, ramiro berardo, jennifer kagan abstract: the way in which public policies are composed may lead to conflicts that manifest in an extended policymaking duration. this paper explores the associations between policy composition and the relative duration for policies to be adopted in 15 u.s. state legislatures. we treat policy passage duration as an indicator of policy conflicts in the legislative process. we adapt the institutional grammar tool (igt) to examine how 168 oil and gas development policies are composed and gauge the association between the content of these policies and the speed of their adoption. we find policies that are more stringent, contain more constitutive rules, target issues related to oil and gas operations or tax and finance take relatively longer to pass. these findings offer theoretical insights into the relationships between policy composition and policy adoption duration. they also provide methodological insights on measuring policy design components using a semi-automated application of the igt. 6. title: measuring design diversity: a new application of ostrom's rule types authors: claire a. dunlop, jonathan c. kamkhaji, claudio m. radaelli, gaia taffoni abstract: we draw on the institutional grammar tool's rule types to empirically analyze the design of four major procedural regulatory instruments in the 27 member states of the european union and the uk. they are: consultation, regulatory impact assessment, freedom of information, and the ombudsman. by adopting the institutional grammar tool as conceptual lens we end up with a single measurement template applicable to a variety of action situations. we derive measures that are conceptually robust and suitable for comparative analysis. with original data gathered on the official legal base in the 28 cases, we carry out principal components analysis. we identify design patterns across countries and instruments; the specialization of each instrument in terms of rule type; and the components that best explain cross-country variation. in the conclusions we argue that to reframe the design features of the four instruments in conceptual, theoretical categories is not simply a taxonomical exercise but it extends to the territory of comparative policy analysis, practice and reform. 7. title: a political economy approach to the grammar of institutions: theory and methods authors: matia vannoni abstract: this article proposes a political economy approach to the grammar of institutions, by building on the study of contracts in economics. first, i argue that more attention needs to be paid to the costs and benefits of institutions, thus allowing researchers to derive empirically testable hypotheses on the evolution of institutions. in this vein, the role of conditions in studying the grammar of institutions becomes central. second, i propose, validate, and test an innovative method to study the grammar, based on computational linguistics. this method allows extracting the elements of the grammar in an automated and unsupervised manner, paving the way to large-n analyses. in so doing, this article seeks to bridge the gap between public policy and political economy.      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