-凯发k8游戏
��ࡱ�>�� |~����{��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������u �r��dbjbj�n�n2j��a��a�<
�������""������������8�\u�nulqqqqq����t�t�t�t�t�t�t$�v��y<�t]�������t��qq4(u����b�q�q�t���t���q����0���������4��t>u0nu��y;:�y���3�y�uq���������t�tu���nu�������������������������������������������������������������������������y���������"qs: urban studies
volume 60, issue 12, september 2023
1. title: progressive cities: urban�rural polarisation of social values and economic development around the world
authors: davide luca, javier terrero-davila, jonas stein, neil lee
abstract: in contrast to the conservative values of rural populations, cities are often seen as bulwarks of more tolerant, liberal and progressive values. this urban�rural divide in values has become one of the major fault lines in western democracies, underpinning major political events of the last decade, not least the election of donald trump. yet, beyond a small number of countries, there is little evidence that cities really are more liberal than rural areas. evolutionary modernisation theory suggests that socio-economic development may lead to the spread of progressive, self-expression values but provides little guidance on the role of cities in this process. has an urban�rural split in values developed across the world? and does this gap depend on the economic development of a country? we answer these questions using a large cross-sectional dataset covering 66 countries. despite the inherent challenges in identifying and operationalising a globally-consistent definition of what is �urban�, we show that there are marked and significant urban�rural differences in progressive values, defined as tolerant attitudes to immigration, gender rights and family life. these differences exist even when controlling for observable compositional effects, suggesting that cities do play a role in the spread of progressive values. yet, these results only apply at higher levels of economic development suggesting that, for cities to leave behind rural areas in terms of liberal values, the satisfying of certain material needs is a prerequisite.
2. title: local inequities in the relative production of and exposure to vehicular air pollution in los angeles
authors: geoff boeing, yougeng lu, clemens pilgram
abstract: vehicular air pollution has created an ongoing air quality and public health crisis. despite growing knowledge of racial injustice in exposure levels, less is known about the relationship between the production of and exposure to such pollution. this study assesses pollution burden by testing whether local populations� vehicular air pollution exposure is proportional to how much they drive. through a los angeles, california, case study we examine how this relates to race, ethnicity and socio-economic status � and how these relationships vary across the region. we find that, all else equal, tracts whose residents drive less are exposed to more air pollution, as are tracts with a less-white population. commuters from majority-white tracts disproportionately drive through non-white tracts, compared to the inverse. decades of racially-motivated freeway infrastructure planning and residential segregation shape today�s disparities in who produces vehicular air pollution and who is exposed to it, but opportunities exist for urban planning and transport policy to mitigate this injustice.
3. title: the increasing emission divide between cities of the global north and global south: towards adjustable mitigation scenarios at the city level
authors: yosef jabareen
abstract: the emission divide between large developed and developing cities is increasing, making it unlikely that the paris agreement will be met. herein, we examine how the 424 largest cities globally, each with one million or more residents, contribute to the global emissions gap and examine the increasing emission divide between developed and developing cities. we find that 302 cities lack emissions data, and the overall emission rate has been increasing at an average of 7.9% per annum. furthermore, only 31 cities have achieved reductions in the emissions gap, all of which are cities in the developed world. even though cities are responsible for <"75% of global co2 emissions, science lacks practical policies for mitigation where resources are scarce. accordingly, we propose new policy directions to lessen this divide, and we urge the development of city-oriented mitigation science and practical policies to help cities around the world develop specific mitigation policies based on their economic feasibility.
4. title: governed by atmospheres: affect, materiality and everyday benevolence in homeless encampments during the covid-19 pandemic
authors: petr vaa�t, jan v�n
abstract: this article explores the operation of homeless encampments as a part of governance by highlighting the role of affective atmospheres. the covid-19 pandemic and the imposition of lockdowns have seen the introduction of unprecedented measures into homelessness governance in czech cities. some have set up temporary homeless encampments as a response to the declaration of the state of emergency. relying on interviews and observations, this article reveals that such measures in cities differed significantly in both character and outcomes. based on a repeated instances comparison of the socio-material and affective entanglements of operating two emergency encampments � one in the regional city of pilsen and the other in the capital city of prague � the article argues that affective atmospheres play a vital role in their practical operations and perceived outcomes. while no simple dichotomy is implied, in pilsen, order was implemented through a surveillance logic that instigated conflicts and created an atmosphere of frustration, while in prague, the benevolence and mutuality of people in the camp led to a relaxed atmosphere. the article introduces the notion of �governed by atmospheres� and argues that it opens space for a more complex and nuanced examination of the unintended outcomes of particular policies and politics in homelessness governance.
5. title: storage city: water tanks, jerry cans, and batteries as infrastructure in nairobi
authors: moritz kasper, sophie schramm
abstract: against the �normative concept of the networked city�, urban studies and infrastructure research have seen a shift towards investigations beyond the network that engage with the post-networked city, heterogeneous infrastructures, and other situations �on, off, below and beyond� the grid, especially in southern cities. expanding on debates around southern urbanisms and their socio-technical infrastructures, we explore a ubiquitous yet rarely discussed element of contemporary urban infrastructures: storage. in nairobi, a city shaped by infrastructural heterogeneity and uncertainty, households of all backgrounds and sizes store water and electricity within various constellations of actors, practices and artefacts. we show how domestic storage, its artefacts and practices cumulate in a storage city that is not opposed to a networked or post-networked city but rather entangled with it. we present domestic storage as crucial infrastructure to the socio-technical functioning of nairobi, discuss diverse storage artefacts and practices, and highlight how a focus on storage can contribute to re-imaginings of infrastructural articulations beyond networks and flows.
6. title: �london is avocado on toast�: the urban imaginaries of the #londonisopen campaign
authors: edanur yazici, karim murji, michael keith, steve pile, john solomos, ying wang
abstract: this article examines the production, representations and reactions to the #londonisopen campaign to ask how urban imaginaries are produced and what they entail for understanding the city. the analysis considers how the idea of a cosmopolitan, diverse and multicultural city is framed, what it includes and excludes and the distinct geographies of the city it produces. it draws on three data sources: documentary analysis of videos used in the campaign; social media analysis of tweets using #londonisopen; and semi-structured interviews with key figures in the campaign team. the main arguments are that the appeal to openness contributes to the versatility of the campaign and the range of responses to it, making it highly adaptable and flexible to respond to current affairs; and that open london is geographically selective and imagined as business focused, trendy and cosmopolitan. in turn, the reactions to the idea of open london range from seeking a borderless world to anti-migrant rhetoric. although the campaign represents london as welcoming and inclusive, such welcoming is partial and subject to contestation. the article concludes that over time, the openness of #londonisopen has come to serve multiple political functions and act as a brand for the city.
7. title: patterns of onwards migration within the urban hierarchy of china: who moves up and who moves down?
authors: jiejing wang, xin mai, lizheng zhang
abstract: this paper examines onwards migration patterns and the factors that influence them in urban china. in contradiction to ravenstein�s laws of step migration, we argue that movement up the urban hierarchy does not dominate onwards migration in the chinese context. using the 2017 china migrants dynamic survey, we model how past migratory experiences intersect with migrants� demographic and socio-economic characteristics to explain the stay-versus-move decision and who moves up as well as who moves down within china�s urban hierarchy. the general pattern of china�s domestic migration is a movement up the urban hierarchy in the first migration and a movement down in onwards migration. we identify a transition-levels effect whereby the larger the difference between the hukou-registered place and the first migration city in the urban hierarchy, the greater the probability of onwards migration, with the effect manifesting most strongly for less-educated, mid-age (the 1970s and 1980s birth cohorts) migrants with rural origins. as to onwards migration direction, mixed results were found for migrants� demographic and socio-economic characteristics whereas educational level and the transition-levels effect are both highly predictive of movement up and down the urban hierarchy. our findings suggest that �jumping too high� in previous migration(s) predicts a greater likelihood of moving down the urban hierarchy in response to insurmountable obstacles to settling in cities classified as large and above. our research advances migration scholarship by considering the multipolar nature of onwards migration and offering an integrated approach to analysis that foregrounds the causes and effects of multiple-step migration.
8. title: care commons: infrastructural (re)compositions for life sustenance through yet against regimes of chronic crisis
authors: isabel gutierrez sanchez
abstract: infrastructures constitute key sites in the contemporary crisis regime. emerging infrastructural configurations, particularly in the urban setting, are raising questions about the possibilities and challenges that these transformations may bring regarding more just and sustainable modes of social provision. attention is being drawn to the grassroots, where experiments with novel forms of organisation are bringing about new collective contexts and political conceptions. in this context, infrastructure has been proposed as a concept to both examine contemporary crises and devise ways to cope with breakdown that can gesture towards living alternatives at the service of life. in this article, i engage this debate through an ethnographic study of two grassroots initiatives in athens (greece) intervening in the realm of life sustenance. i will show that these people-driven initiatives (re)compose networked infrastructures in ways that advance organisational modes of social provision different to institutions, and forms of political engagement and possibility. they do so by infrastructuring care through commoning. i will argue that infrastructural systems of care commons contribute to an infrastructural imagination that moves away from modern ideals towards values of relationality, conductivity, care and repair, which may nurture a transformative politics for a world in crisis, yet against crisis regimes.
9. title: iconic buildings in the making of city identity: the role of aspirational identity artefacts
authors: alessandra zamparini, gastone gualtieri, francesco lurati
abstract: iconic buildings are important meaning generators in cities. this study explores the role that iconic buildings in-the-making have in the discursive construction of city identity in public debate. through the examination of the locarno palacinema case (switzerland), our study proposes that iconic buildings � during their planning � can serve as aspirational identity artefacts: objects that are mobilised in discourse to inform productive idealisations of city identity by powerful urban actors. findings identify the mechanisms through which the aspirational artefact and city identity interact in discourse, showing that iconic building projects orient city identity claims, while at the same time city identity meanings taken from collective memory, present understandings and future aspirations are used by actors to infuse the evolving project with meaning. this study aims to contribute to debates in urban planning and city identity by discussing the identity anticipation role of the planning of iconic buildings and how they can be a productive ground to reflect, re-orient and re-claim the unique features of a city�s identity while aspiring to achieve a different future.
10. title: where is agency in the context of urban transformation? exploring the narratives of institutional stakeholders and community activists in birmingham
authors: aleksandra grzymala-kazlowska, liam o�farrell
abstract: how do institutional stakeholders and community activists differ in their perception of their agency to affect change? we explore this question by synthesising archer�s theory of structure�agency dynamics� and easterly�s development models as it is now, and debates on the �just city� to explore narratives around urban transformation in data from two projects in england�s second city, birmingham. our results show that, whereas institutional stakeholders affiliated with local government feel rather disempowered and defer to signals from national government or investors, community activists are focused on opportunities to use their agency and create change in their local areas. the implications of this divergence for the aims of achieving empowerment and social justice are discussed. also, the benefits of a co-production model used in one of the research projects are reflected upon. building on this model through policies of collaboration, forming social connections and active civic engagement could use the social energy and potential we identify to reinvigorate agency and the motivation of insti
!#,/1235>�������ʸʸʸ���~qcuhc=uhicy5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h�}�h�}�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh
2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h�}�h�}�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�}�h�}�5�cjojqj^jaj234����n��������(t"u"�"�"�'�'������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4��������mnvw����������ʼ��喤�x���x�j]odh%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^jhih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h�}�h�}�ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(���������������������������²��²ф���}rewi<�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihanojqj^jhmh�hmh�ojqj^jhmh�hmh�ojqj^jh�)hto�ojqj^jo(hvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(����&(:<s"t"u"v"x"~""�"�"�"�"�"�"��������xj�\nj�\>hvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h�ps5�ojqj^jh*h*5�ojqj^jh�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^jh�)h$?�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^jh$?�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jhvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(�"##�'�'�'�'�'�'�'�'�'�'�'�'k(l(u(v(o-p-q-���ƚ�����vh�zvj��=ƚhq4�hq4�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�hvi�5�ojqj^jhvi�hr7a5�ojqj^jhq4�hq4�5�ojqj^jhq4�hq4�5�ojqj^jo(hr7ahr7a5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr7a5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h*h*ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^j�'�'l(p-q-�-�-�4�465x5�:�:x;�;f@g@�@as]t]^^�^^_"d�������������������������gd�s�gd[gd�_gdlz�gd�)ggd|�gd)w�gdr7aq-r-t-z-[-�-�-�-�-�-�-�-�4�4�4�4�4�4�455����ɻ�ɫ���ti\�n\@h�4�h�4�5�ojqj^jh�)gh�)g5�ojqj^jh�)g5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(hj�hj�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h|�5�ojqj^jh"=�h"=�5�ojqj^jh|�h|�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh|�5�ojqj^jo(5565>5?5w5x5a5b5�:�:�:�:�:�:�:w;���ȸ����vi[m@2h� ?h� ?5�ojqj^jhlz�5�ojqj^jo(hlz�hlz�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h�4�h�4�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h�4�h�4�5�ojqj^jh�)g5�ojqj^jo(h�)gh�)g5�ojqj^jhvi�h�)g5�ojqj^jw;x;a;�;�;�;�;e@f@g@i@k@q@r@�@�@�@aa���ŷ����vhzm?1z?�hvi�h�_5�ojqj^jh�e�h�e�5�ojqj^jh�_5�ojqj^jo(h�_h�_5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h� ?h� ?ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h� ?h� ?5�ojqj^jhlz�hlz�5�ojqj^jhvi�hlz�5�ojqj^ja'a(a~e\r]s]^
^^^^^^$^&^�^�^�^�^\_�����ʼ������r�dvrh:h�g�h�g�5�ojqj^jh[h[5�ojqj^jh[h�s�5�ojqj^jhy`ohy`o5�ojqj^jh�s�h�s�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�s�5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(h��5�ojqjo(h[5�ojqjo(h}onh�g�ojqj^jo(h)w�ojqj^juh�e�h�e�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jtutional stakeholders and generate change that is more bottom-up than top-down. to this end, we encourage greater reflection on notions of agency and participation in discussions on the �just city�. however, in view of prevailing structural forces, we acknowledge that such efforts ultimately remain aspirational and difficult to achieve.
�nn/ffnċ�
11. title: the surrounds: urban life within and beyond capture
authors: pranita shrestha, alison young, adam morton, tanzil shafique, dallas rogers, abdoumaliq simone
abstract: the article reviews the book the surrounds: urban life within and beyo\_^_p_r_�_`d
ddd d!d"d#d%d'd-d.dedfdndod\d]dfd���ǻ��ǯǯ���zl�^plb^��h�9�h[5�ojqj^jh[h�s�5�ojqj^jh�g�h�g�5�ojqj^jh�s�h�s�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�s�5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(h[h)w�ojqj^jo(h�g�ojqj^juh��h��ojqj^jh�g�h�g�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jh[h)w�5�ojqj^jo(nd capture� by abdoumaliq simone.
12. title: wake up, this is joburg
authors: denise l. lim
abstract: the article reviews the book �wake up, this is joburg� by tanya zack and mark lewis.
"d#dfd]d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d���������������gd�gd�s�gd)w�fdgd�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�d�����̾���������h�cjh�cuhj<hj<5�ojqjo(h[h)w�ojqj^jo(h�g�ojqj^jh�g�h�g�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s����s2���� 0@p`p������2(�� 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p��8x�v~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@pj_hmh nhsh thj`��jck�e$1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ���$؞���k=�w[sobi���bnf�h�&��ŝ�]�6��ҩ��n=���in����a7���qb&>!"�h
[�� �lx�z)��w�v�og�%�ţ|8mă#�/��8��'��=���q�u*��c�`c�w{�d6��/�[��yl���%�� ��n� {�\�o�sm�/�~��i�bcax���/=xe��'5��&\�h�4da���,ye\}�)�l�a�����r�^��*�z���y�v-wowz�n�]��:m�v�=t�c���w��r�b���*i�v�u�r��u����|�nc`�|����*^����pk!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m
�0���wooӻ�&݈э���5
6?$q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt���8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p����8�g/]�qasم(����#��l�[������pk-!����[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��60_rels/.relspk-!ky���theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!���f���theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-!
ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]�
�<j���� ����"q-55w;a\_fd�d#%&'(* ,-04�'"d�d$)3�@� @���������h ��0�( �
����0�( �
��b
�s���� ?�^j��������������;@fj��!4:;ainpw��{�*!6!�!"""�"�"3%8% , p-^-�-�-�-�-�.�.�/�/�/�/�/�/�/�/�0�0i1r1�1�125d5�5�5 ;;h;o;y;`;�;�;�;�;�;�;<"<h<n<�<�<�<�<�<�<�<�<�<�<�<z
^
�
�
���<�<333�<�<�<�<�<�<�<�<�<!#,/144>�������mnnw��������������,--6ju����.9����* 4���!�!�!�!�!�!�!�!#"."�(�(�(�(l)v)�)�)&/(/(/2/�/�/�/�/�/�/|4~4~4�4555'5t5_5; ; ;;;;;;o;p;p;y;�;�;�;�;*<,<,<7<n<x<e<f<f<p<�<�<�<�<��q04e��n[g],-�o�����`?g��y�t�<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�={u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~��
{r�v�4�1l2q �"�iaha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*�7��:a��^b� �l{��2h�<��(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�`
rv:g&>!��}n!�l�1t��m�9��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a
6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[�
k 3q-r�jx bd� �<��8i� tp� k�|���
�y�t�2~�
��y��k�
?i��� *�?=��#??*�@�4le�dw"
���z�g�kd�2�^e�-h�x�w��t�bs &�x�-z�y��w�i�>�:-��u
kkkkdw"
q�x�-h�
k^r�
�^�vxb�
�=#�/y�pur ����
��'ff�x-z�d�y�(��)fk{z��fv��-�p�'�e��4�!~q�2h`�?i��be��@��fk-<"��l�q�u��y/�x{��]^�~76=&����`
[� ��rh&<�^��oc!��d{�/�"���[��h�2��d���t��w�8i� (f�tl(����}�t�a9�~�8��7l��4�";�g)n��p7v}g�xd|��&�h�w�a�g�b�u�d\*�)#jb�l�d�
)r�}��w�gl$l��r�qh� v���/xcz.�^m~;�|p%�fzps\��,��7l�ps�#���<>)��s��vj��h5h 5� a�l[�x� xcz�be�y�h�fdxl�y��raj>�n�cr%v���]�,}(�h�a9�� !`��}<�q�}q =�7y]��r�-��.��zf�7��
�e�o[kh,~�hmpm~�mg�=�j��>m�?[%��'w�jo8�e,}(��l�y2\gqwez ��p]74�`a��m�!�|z��z:�*��b!�g;cq�qq�h�nk^r a�x�t
an�gap�y8��x����<���,��s��d���z��j�vzq��t\
~��av'po�_m4�i�w��tkpb�`
rq1��yn�pur �p}��� urep�&>!�z[fxx)!�b!x{�ec!�t�k��oc!�v�>b(p!� ]!�3�l��!nr�q�m�!�j#�g-�!�f�d�[z"�u&z�6'�"�zy�q �"ji�_��m�"� ]!�&�"�)��/�"|z�s\�"=v�g��~#�)9~��k#�� �i3#�#?�=#�i\;�j#p%��na#sh�#���2k�#�|�#ry �ps�#pb��9�#�sa�d $��yj!4$�`�%�qg$�ep$�"e<@v�$:*�$�[��p�$�]'��?[>�?z]%�`�%vd�i1�%�lyk-,�%�,�=��l�%�z�@�x�%�!0��e&poq�bs &3!&�m�9��b*&t�(6=&�'w�rh&2\�qp&nyvc��t�&��&��&9�:�0!�&�]'�ep$��1m'tw�'~d:(�r�'�kl��.�'�>�'��5�l�'�taz�,}(�w(r�@�~d:(�_(it~tl(�x�,�h/�(dm�(�mr�( $m�t�(�pi�(��]�a#�(�j�`�<>)^e��w)!,�f���)�l�%��)mq{�4�)&)}b��"*�^�i��le*^l�x�ne*n9�nji*�<���^�*�:8t��[? ]i �v ��o�(s� qh� �`� q�f�g� �� {p���c,@�i��#,�dq[mk, @p�qb,�d&d��,�>m��x�,�{u�,�@�q>,-�m4-rt�h�fk-�r�-�j�n�2@�-�ggc���-x*�y��d�-��->o.-dt��:�.�,���t�.��z]�.�x��<}7/d|���y/ds}���/: o=tj�/0�u0{z�o�!0�ran 0gy|�5j90�$�}�;1�0��efw2
�z��>2"o�m�29!"e�w�2�f\�h�2n�~r<3�y�t��w�3ui�� �3dj�u�3��x�9m4�m�9�@�4�;�4�d5��p�4@l��5�45h 5�^b^�
-a5�pv5�d5tw�'��5��5md-�b�5i�d��v�5
-a5�a
6�`d�#6ghch�81�6�&7��6�a�r!�6q1���@�6xx�6)1:t�&7�x�\�~74\�7bd9t=r�7��gv8 $m�r
f8c�]��jo8�~�8���8��b�n9?oi�m�9�q�9�a:�kx_��_6:@^�:s�:kkkk9�:�3�:�!�q�o";�4mjjo;�i\;�%�|c;�q��viu;�ru�;�~7�[u�u�`fr>�>�'i�>r]��v�>lrb�mt?<#iq!{�?p[5=�tf�?�t�&�?�*��o-�?�mt?�s�?
u|3e�?�-x{�8�?�@}��*.}@��)��-�@�t�`�r�@g��z�@z]%hag;��:a�s6ay8���doahu�(�a�le*�&e�ana��.�an���a�$,&d]�l�d|1�q�i�dbl#g�>e�\���ez�v�n�e�v ��'�e�#�c�hfs�]�=bdf�^^n��z[f�y���f�"�o w~g� l`�#�g�{9=��g=v�g�o�t�{s
h�-h�pv5p@h�og�ghch'\l��&�h�t�e�hoaq�!~q��y#%�q@gku�nr�q�q��qqg$�r)b;r�,�q��0hr�l��zwr�
{r;1�0��y{r�i�r�� �(u�r�$atxcs�#sw/�=fzps8ts)b;r��ts�#�g3%�s�{�s�;�4��g/t�4>�:8t�gn�bd9t]z[t� �m��td $�`�t�s��!�t�,!u�rdi�@gku�u0
g�u���uxcs>�uc;�rxyyv�d�^�v4�o�v�j$w�wd�w j_�`j�w,}(��w�6�x�m�2:3�x�q�y���x�3�:��o�x�#s^l�x\<�jg�xq>,- q�x�}<��x_/,j�zy��t��`-y<myv��q�yv^mc���y<z�&x4,oz j_�fk{z�kd
�zhp��[�enx�:[�=�^�`
[�0�[(>y��f\�?\i�(��\�m��x�\~�f<1/�\�s���7y]�>aqs�]���c�]hv�i���]viu;�]^ph$^�^b^�`.�^�=�^�1_ j_�fz_�y�t��kx_�a9�ji�_l{�� !`�qb,��nj`� l`�y`� ��t�`�=�}�j�`�qq��u�`�>�`_m�t
a��&na[mk,�9a��q���a��5��>�asq�y�3j�a�zwr�a�t�3b@�z��)ib&)}b�u~b1�h��u�b�~#�%;�b@v�$03cd.�b�ggcg-�!�va�c�^����c(�a�u�c�0hr��#�c�j$wvd0q|�`d�d&d�@�m�f�d,-�zn�d�|�#�9!"e2k�#�g e�/e� *^ee����l\e�>e��eme�hgqwe�u
�t�edu�efd��&fji�,\f<}7/��zfs{tq�f3%�s!,�fqx{~�fxx�6�a�f6�f<z�ug9�:�bl#g�^blkqg�j9r��g8|k=�z�g�-9h�k?oi�u�<mebi�rdi�b*&��b~i�y{r4�i�`-y�^�ix�u�nf�i�~7djtj�/v,�j�8�?w�j�`�t�=�j�4�q\<�j�dk�g�tk k&)}b�zl!{�?�klv:g��3�l<|�<ie�lj l $m�^(m��k��xm�.�mz*�ma�� �m�hn�y`�gn��!�g)nfr>��^^nv��,mn�kj>�nh#�n�gv'po�
���"�o�"�o6gp�e�oh��.�o�r��v�omg���o]z[thptf�?(ap(s� @p�[? bep=r�7j�p9�:��c�p�qp&��dq�vzq� �<#iq�!�q� ���qq =��,�q�w�#!�q{s
h�4�q�a�f�l�q|1�q6s�~r�q3q-rie�l�|[0r,}(��j9r �3�c;�rn[g� �r�-�@�y0�sb(p!��s{fm-dt�y�)1:to
�v�$at�6�x� 0w?0w?0w?0w?�y�t�.�t�/e��t(ap�}�t�o�t�u2�&xph$^�7cx�<���enx[�x,mnf�x&xn
�x�0�<�=.y6�f�� oyrgox*�y�x�u��yd]-sq�y7���yxl�y�t�.��y];yw��y�w��u&z�*n{��tazr=��whkzjx �.tzji��z@�z�.�o���z�`�o��%�z�q�wv{�nh{$,&d�*n{�s�?mq{
hr{��6�jbs{�-x{qx{�@�6m�{�d��0q|�~�vgy|��s�
u|�[|�w)�\�| w~g;�|�g ek�|�.�t�y>�|b�5�ds}xyyv�p}�r>�$�}dm�(�m�}j<�v��=�}jbs{�q�}\
~�=�h,~03c��)9~whkzit~�;�~j{�~0�n�n�~l�s{t�<(>y\*�4e�z �j�{p�4\�7��(k�i����x��m�j�����[w�3`2 r� �p
j^�c�n�_*ati�wb��.h j<sh�to>s�r#�l$�}&�m'�m(�)�g)^3 %j,�p.�i/�2�z2'4t4.6�6sn7*8;i8cj8�9�i;�e=k&>� ?e!@jj@r7a�ec�nd�udvf> g0i4tj�kul%man�%smkxgy�py�]�^ro_5a�7ahc
2e�lf�qf�)gjmi�ckalthllmnnm}ony`o[r�ps0@ui1vywicy�x}�/�4�wt�mw��=��=��`�j�nj��e��9�"=�l�.~���v�=h��j��~�du�� �=i�fj�to�4��m�j��h��2�)w���lz���c�7��4�u<�[��t��r�������cb��^�mh�v��g��\�a�vi�|w��}�r�����$?��n�q4��
��!�s/����8�*��-��_�$-��f���><����r��c�7"����s�?5����"�gl�bj�h��-���
��"�l%�w�p�2����y����e�`-�|��<�<�@�o;o;o;o;x777�9 ; <�<�@���<@��@�^��@��unknown������������g��.�[x� �times new roman5��symbol3.��.�[x� �arial7.���[ @�verdanaa����$b�cambria math;���(�[sosimsun 1��h;"�f�ڹg�a �3n �3n!-!),.:;?]}���� & 6"0000 00
00000��� ������=�@�\�]�^���([{� 0
000000��;�[�����������<�< 2�q��hp��?�����������������������"�2!xx�{%���userlib-x��
�����oh�� '��0t������� ��
(4<dl�usernormallib-x164microsoft office word@�cp1@�y��\�@����� �3��
��՜.�� ,��0�
x`t|�������microsoftn�<
!"#$%&'()* ,-./012345����789:;<=����?@abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz[\]^_`abcdefghij����lmnopqr����tuvwxyz��������}������������root entry�������� �fp,�����data
������������61table����>�yworddocument����2jsummaryinformation(������������kdocumentsummaryinformation8��������scompobj������������n������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
���� �fmicrosoft word 97-2003 �ĵ�
msworddocword.document.8�9�q