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volume 58, issue 16, december 2021
1. title: urban migrant and refugee solidarity beyond city limits
authors: harald bauder.
abstract: cities known around the world as sanctuary, solidarity or refuge cities are resisting restrictive national migration and refugee policies and are seeking ways to accommodate migrants and refugees who lack support from the nation state. in this paper i examine urban solidarity approaches in berlin and freiburg in germany, and zurich in switzerland. interviews with key informants reveal that urban solidarity in these cities is not limited to including migrants and refugees living within the city�s boundaries. rather, urban solidarity reaches beyond municipal boundaries to connect different places and scales in the form of inter-urban solidarity networks and initiatives that aim to enable migrants and refugees who are still abroad to arrive in the city. the complex geographies of urban migrant and refugee solidarity reach far beyond city limits.
2. title: between walls and fences: how different types of gated communities shape the streets around them
authors: david kostenwein.
abstract: gated communities in latin american cities have become the new normal. the streets bordered by fences, walls and the occasional gate, formed when two or more gated communities face each other, dominate the urban landscape today. taking bogot� with its 3500 gated communities as my case study, i create a novel typology focusing on the gated community�s spatial dimension, not portraying it as an isolated island but as an integral part of the urban realm. using an empirically grounded typology formation process, i present five distinctive types of gated communities in bogot�, varying widely in how they shape the surrounding public spaces. some types have significant expected negative effects on activity and security in the adjacent streets and others hardly any. i show how future gated community research and policymaking would benefit from disaggregation of the concept and present some policy strategies to mitigate negative external effects of gated communities.
3. title: residential coexistence: anonymity, etiquette and proximity in high-rise living
authors: tamir arviv, efrat eizenberg.
abstract: this paper offers a new perspective on everyday life in an ethno-nationally mixed vertical urban setting. it focuses on the cultivation of a shared residential identity that, seemingly, can overcome the binational divide. drawing on interviews with jewish and arab residents in a new middle-class high-rise complex (hrc) in haifa, israel, we illustrate that arabs and jews share many reasons for living in the hrc, reflecting similarities between these populations that are often ignored. moreover, the physical form of the complex � including its newness and its modern, universal design � makes it a relatively neutral space free from a particular ethno-national or religious identity. finally, while the relevant literature largely assumes that �anonymity� in high-rises is a negative force, the sense of privacy it affords allows residents to manage social proximity and cultivate a philosophy of �live and let live�.
4. title: the smart grid as a security device: electricity infrastructure and urban governance in kingston and rio de janeiro
authors: francesca pilo�.
abstract: this article aims to contribute to recent debates on the politics of smart grids by exploring their installation in low-income areas in kingston (jamaica) and rio de janeiro (brazil). to date, much of this debate has focused on forms of smart city experiments, mostly in the global north, while less attention has been given to the implementation of smart grids in cities characterised by high levels of urban insecurity and socio-spatial inequality. this article illustrates how, in both contexts, the installation of smart metering is used as a security device that embeds the promise of protecting infrastructure and revenue and navigating complex relations framed along lines of socio-economic inequalities and urban sovereignty � here linked to configurations of state and non-state (criminal) territorial control and power. by unpacking the political workings of the smart grid within changing urban security contexts, including not only the rationalities that support its use but also the forms of resistance, contestation and socio-technical failure that emerge, the article argues for the importance of examining the conjunction between urban and infrastructural governance, including the reshaping of local power relations and spatial inequalities, through globally circulating devices.
5. title: from housing crisis to housing justice: towards a radical right to a home
authors: valesca lima.
abstract: amidst a protracted housing crisis that has affected major cities in europe and beyond, vibrant social movements for housing justice are trying to challenge the notion that housing is a commodity, with transformative demands framing housing as a fundamental human right. this paper explores the ways housing movements in dublin use direct and confrontational approaches as political action. previous literature has examined the emergence of new housing movements as a direct consequence of the economic and social challenges that arose as a result of the economic downturn and neoliberal austerity policies. however, there is, as yet, little that addresses the ways autonomous housing groups engage in non-violent direct action and the challenges they face in trying not just to promote a radical change of policy but also in carrying out practical prefigurative action. as such, the findings in this study provide insights into how emerging direct-action-oriented housing groups fight for housing justice.
6. title: how smart cities are made: a priori, ad hoc and post hoc drivers of smart city implementation in sydney, australia
authors: robyn dowling, pauline mcguirk, sophia maalsen, jathan sadowski.
abstract: recent geographical attention to smart places has underlined the key point that smart places are made: crafted incrementally over time and woven through existing sites and contexts. work on analysing the crafting of �actually existing� smart cities has turned to describing and characterising the processes through which smart cities are made and, within this, the interplay and relative significance of accidental versus purposeful smart cities has come to the fore. drawing on the concept of dispositif to capture the simultaneity of piecemeal and opportunistic change with deliberate strategy, this paper furthers these debates using examples of two places within the sydney metropolitan region, australia: newcastle and parramatta. through their analysis we identify the evolving interplay of a priori drivers, ad hoc initiatives and post hoc strategies evident in the crafting of smart cities. understanding the emergence of actually existing smart cities, we conclude, is sharpened and strengthened by the concept of dispositif, through its attention to processes characterised by non-linear, overlapping and recursively combined drivers that are not without purposeful, strategic intent.
7. title: exploring the long-term effect of strategy work: the case of sustainable sydney 2030
authors: martin kornberger, renate e meyer, markus a h�llerer.
abstract: strategy has become an important concern and practical tool in urban management and governance, with the literature highlighting implementation as a hallmark of effective strategy. whilst such a strategy�action link (which we label here as �implementation nexus�) has been well established, other long-term effects have been documented in less detail. our study of sustainable sydney 2030 finds that strategy was effective to the extent to which it changed the institutional a priori of what a collective of actors engaged in city-making knows, what it can articulate and how its members relate to each other. we capture this effect as �institution nexus� and theorise our findings with ludwik fleck�s concept of �thought style� of a focal �thought collective�� notions that also centrally influenced mary douglas� work on �how institutions think�. we contribute to extant research by adding the institution nexus as a long-term effect of urban strategy as well as by advancing strategy theory in urban studies to foreground its ability to shape institutions.
8. title: the role of social capital in the collective-led development of urbanising villages in china: the case of shenzhen
authors: de tong, yaying wu, ian maclachlan, jieming zhu.
abstract: the �urbanising village� is a uniquely chinese urban form that emerged during the period of rapid urbanisation in the reform era. the absence of state governance in rural areas relegates considerable decision-making power to village collectives, and the social capital inherited from traditional rural villages may remain in place after villages are urbanised. to explore the role of social capital and its mobilisation in solving the land use challenges posed by the urbanisation of rural settlements, we analysed the growth processes of huanggang village as a typical example of a �collective-led� self-organised urbanising village in shenzhen. qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews and abundant secondary data provides credible evidence that defining property rights through land titling is not the only way to achieve orderly development, safe and sanitary living conditions and efficient land use in informal settlements. social capital, measured by networks, norms and trust passed down among long-term acquaintances in rural villages, plays an important role in the development of communities. village collectives can unite villagers and mobilise their social, cultural and material capital to compensate for the absence of formal governance institutions and government-provided community services. the implications of these findings suggest a new strategic pathway for managing urbanising villages in china and informal settlements in other developing countries.
9. title: education, neighbourhood context and depression of elderly chinese
authors: yuanfei li, dandan zhao.
abstract: research on depression among older adults has begun to take a contextual approach. this study advances scholarship by examining the relevance of education and neighbourhood context for individual depression in china. using data from the 2011 china health and retirement longitudinal study (charls 2011), a nationally representative survey of chinese aged 45 years or older, results of multilevel linear models show that the negative association between education and depression goes beyond individuals and extends to the neighbourhood level, although great variations exist across neighbourhoods. the individual education�depression relationship is more pronounced in disadvantaged neighbourhoods characterised by low incomes. older adults living in rural neighbourhoods fare much worse with more depressive symptoms than their urban counterparts. while larger proportions of adults with a high-school education or higher are related to better mental health among the elderly in rural villages, it is not the case in urban communities. promoting education in the general population, especially in rural and disadvantaged areas, may prove mentally beneficial to the aging residents.
10. title: becoming �pet slaves� in urban china: transspecies urban theory, single professional women and their companion animals
authors: chris kk tan, tingting liu, xiaojun gao.
abstract: urban spaces in china have traditionally been marked by hetero-patriarchy, making them key sites for exploring gendered power relations. reflecting on the growing importance of companion animals, this study investigates the roles that these animals now play in the lives of unmarried women in urban china. using transspecies urban theory to examine interview data gathered primarily from guangzhou, we draw three conclusions. firstly, as material conditions increasingly define pet keeping, companion animals have become both a class symbol and a safe refuge from the stressful demands of working life. secondly, as professional chinese women construct positive intimate relationships with their companions to preserve their autonomy as persons at work, they increasingly turn their backs on traditional marriage and family in an instantiation of �emergent femininity�. thirdly, pets offer a new venue of online sociality for their owners. by centring women in chinese urban studies, we argue that companion animals co-construct the living conditions of their urban, female, middle-class owners.
11. title: market buoyancy, information transparency and pricing strategy in the scottish housing market
authors: nan liu.
abstract: in housing markets there is a trade-off between selling time and selling price, with pricing strategy being the balancing act between the two. motivated by the home report scheme in scotland, this paper investigates the role of information symmetry played in such a trade-off. empirically, this study tests if sellers� pricing strategy changes when more information becomes available and whether this, in turn, affects the trade-off between the selling price and selling time. using housing transaction data of north-east scotland between 1998q2 and 2018q2, the findings show that asking price has converged to the predicted price of the property since the introduction of the home report. while information transparency reduces the effect of �overpricing� on selling time, there is little evidence to show that it reduces the impact of pricing strategy on the final selling price in the sealed-bid context.
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