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��ࡱ�>�� jl����i��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r��6bjbj��2l�}�}�. ���������������������8/ds�2nl���������m�m�m�m�m�m�m$�o�@r8�m�������m����4�m   �6�����m ��m   �����p��k����j �mn02n xr[^xr  x0xr�aj<�� ������m�m�p���2n������������������������������������������������������������������������xr���������� �: policy studies journal volume 50, issue 4, november 2022 1. title: understanding policy influence in hybrid regimes: insights from a qualitative study of policy advice in ukraine and moldova authors: denitsa marchevska, trui steen abstract: the growing complexity of policy challenges has necessitated the reconsideration of the classic state-centered deliberative models and their replacement with more inclusive concepts like that of the policy advisory system. still, although the asymmetrical power distribution across different advisors has been recognized, the question of why some actors are able to exercise greater influence than others has received relatively little systematic attention. this paper addresses this question while focusing its attention on ukraine and moldova in a departure from the literature's empirical preoccupation with western liberal democracies. through a qualitative analysis of 45 semi-structured interviews, the paper empirically tests the theoretical conceptualization, which explains policy influence as a result of the interaction of content, context, demand and supply factors. the findings illustrate the usefulness of the framework as a theoretical tool beyond western democratic systems. however, they also indicate the need for conceptual refinements accounting for the significant role played by internationalization, personalization, informality, politicization and political polarization in advisory dynamics in hybrid regimes like those in ukraine and moldova in order for advisory scholarship to overcome its western bias. 2. title: desert and redistribution: justice as a remedy for, and cause of, economic inequality authors: jacob s. bower-bir abstract: post-positivist scholars have shown that justice motivates personal behavior and policymaking, but they have not adequately explained how such normative concerns exert their influence. i argue that justice is the rewarding of desert, and desert is an emergent social institution. as a social institution, community members have built-in incentives to enforce and perpetuate communal understandings of desert though external sanctions and inculcation. as an evolutionary phenomenon, what constitutes upright, moral behavior will vary across communities and contexts, constraining individuals and policymakers as they address community issues. in an empirical test of my theory, i find that an individual's support for redistributive policies is driven by her (a) belief in desert's reward and (b) definition of economic deservingness. people tolerate grave inequalities if they think those inequalities are deserved. indeed, if outcomes appear deserved, altering them constitutes an unjust act. moreover, people who assign a significant role to personal responsibility in their definitions of economic desert oppose large-scale redistribution policies because government intervention makes it harder for people to (by their definition) deserve their economic station. in short, people must perceive inequality as undeserved to motivate a policy response, and the means of combating inequality must not undermine desert. 3. title: chain of command vs. who�s in command: structure, politics, and regulatory enforcement authors: christopher reenock, david m. konisky, matthew j. uttermark abstract: agencies vary over which individuals have final authority to make decisions. but this authority differs in two important ways. while officials with final authority can be either political appointees or civil servants they can also be located anywhere within the agency�s hierarchy. this begs the question of whether it is the nature of political appointees or the workflow of actions through an agency that are more responsible for inserting politics into agency decisions. this study addresses this question by employing new institutional data on all state and local air agencies to examine how decision-making authority competes or reinforces political appointee�s efforts to shape agency actions. our empirical exercise centers on the regulation of 16,000 major air pollution sources under the u.s. clean air act. our results suggest that while political appointees may influence regulatory output, centralized workflow, regardless of party, impedes output. 4. title: race, representation, and policy attitudes in u.s. public schools authors: lael r. keiser, donald p. haider-markel, rajeev darolia abstract: numerous institutions, such as the police, public schools, legislatures, and the courts face criticism for a lack of diversity and representation. according to various political theorists, the lack of representation of marginalized groups in public institutions worsens citizen attitudes. in response, some advocate for increasing passive representation within public institutions. however, different schools of thought exist about whether increasing representation of minorities is a zero-sum game and worsens attitudes of historical majorities. we generate and test two hypotheses from these competing perspectives. we employ data from a national survey of students� attitudes toward the fairness of school discipline using measures that match the different mechanisms found in theory. we find evidence that passive representation for african americans predicts perceptions of fairness and corresponds to improved, rather than worsened, attitudes for whites. this supports the arguments of mosher, and others, that increasing the representation of groups enhances legitimacy among the polity as a whole and is not zero-sum. 5. title: the benefits of specialized knowledge in polycentric governance authors: francesca pia vantaggiato, mark lubell abstract: policy forums bring individual actors together to deliberate on specific policy issues. the literature found that actors' perceptions of forum performance depend on both their individual characteristics (goals, expertise, resources) and forum processes (trust, learning, beliefs). however, we do not know how different combinations of actors, embodying different types of knowledge or expertise, relate to forum performance. we distinguish between policy and institutional specialization. forum participants can be policy specialists, who are experts on the policy issue, and/or institutional specialists, who are expert of the policy process in the governance system. the former excel at problem definition and facilitation; the latter enable inclusivity. we surmise that higher proportions of specialized actors positively affect the group's perceptions of forum performance in terms of both process and outcomes, particularly in high conflict forums. we test this claim using survey data on 55 policy forums working on adaptation to sea level rise in the san francisco bay area, collected in summer 2018. the empirical findings lend support to our hypothesis as concerns policy specialists but not as concerns institutional specialists. further research should devote more effort to study how actor composition affects forum performance. 6. title: protest and state policy agendas: marches and gun policy after parkland authors: yuko sato, jake haselswerdt abstract: does protest spur the government to act at the regional or local level? gun control in the united states offers a promising case for studying this question, due to considerable variation in both protest and policy-making activity following the mass shooting in parkland, fl in early 2018. we use an original weekly panel dataset of progress on gun control and pro-gun legislation in all states between 2017 and 2019, paired with weekly protest march data from the crowd counting consortium, to determine whether or not protest spurred state governments to act on gun policy. we find that marches advocating gun control are associated with an increased likelihood of legislative movement on gun control, though they do not appear to discourage action that loosens gun laws. on the other side, pro-gun marches do not seem to have the desired effect. 7. title: cabinet ministers and the use of agenda-setting power: evidence from cabinet ministers in israel authors: ilana shpaizman abstract: cabinet ministers in parliamentary democracies have significant agenda-setting power. however, not all ministers use it equally. this paper examines what affects the ministers' use of their agenda-setting power. it explores this question based on the case of israel, using three measures of agenda change and in-depth interviews with former ministers. the paper finds that limited agenda capacity constrains the ministers' agenda-setting power. however, the ministers themselves do not see this as a significant constraint and point at motivation instead. ministers holding a portfolio that is salient to their party are not likely to change the agenda more. ministers from small parties change the agenda less, and so do ministers in ministries where a significant proportion of services are provided by street level bureaucrats. ministers in ministries that are seen as more salient change the agenda more. these findings are consequential for understanding policy responsiveness and proportionality in policy response. 8. title: more than agents: federal bureaucrats as information suppliers in policymaking authors: jobeth s. shafran abstract: bureaucrats are frequently conceptualized as agents of congress, with much focus placed on their expertise as policy implementers or evaluators. that same expertise, though, allows bureaucrats to supply congress with information throughout the policy process. bureaucrats are just one of the many actors that compete to supply congress with information to define problems and develop solutions. congressional committees must prioritize all available information, deciding what to attend and what to ignore. i argue that bureaucrats are more likely to testify at hearings when there is (1) limited availability of alternative information sources, (2) the information they hold is necessary for achieving committee goals or tasks (ex. agency oversight), and (3) the information they have can alleviate diverse committee workloads. using a new dataset of witnesses testifying at congressional committee hearings, i find that the prioritization of bureaucrats as witnesses is explainable in terms of policy area, committee type, and committee agenda. 9. title: external drivers of participation in regional collaborative water planning authors: emily v. bell, amanda fencl, megan mullin abstract: what drives participation in collaborative planning? how does this vary across different institutional contexts? public managers must navigate emerging challenges in public service provision; perceived risk and capacity to act can play a pivotal role, shaping managerial behavior. in water management, for example, issues stemming from climate change and water-intensive growth create new concerns about continued water supply. strategic decisions may improve local public service provision, but can also have cascading effects on other systems, as water is a mobile�and subtractable�resource. many public water systems have participated in collaborative planning to overcome collective challenges for this reason, but participation is not feasible for all prospective participants. using data from administrative records and surveys, we fit a binomial logistic model to examine the roles of capacity and perceived risk among water service providers as drivers of participation in collaborative planning forums. by evaluating this relationship in california and north carolina, we find similar results across unique institutional contexts: participation in regional water planning is associated with perceived risk to water supply from changing climatic conditions, but not from perceived risk of changing patterns of demand. also, system capacity�as measured by the size of the population served�corresponds to increased likelihood of participation.      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