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��ࡱ�>�� u �r�^�bjbj�n�n2��a��a�o ��""��8��,��vl��vvvvvvv$*x��z<'vq�'v��4xv� � � ~��v� v� � � ��hj?�� u�v0�v� [��[� � �1[�er�� 'v'v-|�v��["qs: public administration volume 101, issue 3, september 2023 1. title: citizen participation matters. bureaucratic discretion matters more authors: sarah l. young, james tanner abstract: new public governance theory increases citizen participation and expands bureaucrats' roles in the work of government. citizen participation creates new mechanisms for citizens to influence the policy process. bureaucrats' expanded roles allow for broader bureaucratic discretion over policy implementation. when citizens' and bureaucrats' views on public management decisions collide, whose views prevail? do citizen volunteers or bureaucrats have greater influence over public decisions? we answer this question by studying the u.s. department of energy's initiative to engage citizens in environmental clean-up decisions. we assess 10 years of meeting records and administrative decisions using a three-step, mixed-method analysis to identify, weigh, and test the influence of citizen participation and bureaucratic discretion. the results indicate that while citizen participation matters, bureaucratic discretion has a more significant influence over administrative decision-making. the findings expose holes in new public governance theory, which has implications for democracy and demands deeper thought into structuring citizen participation. 2. title: citizen involvement in public policy: does it matter how much is at stake? authors: ramon van der does abstract: public administrations increasingly try to find new ways to involve citizens in policy-making. however, many democratic innovations draw in only a fraction of the public. why? i hypothesize that we observe such low participation rates because there is often not enough at stake for citizens. i test this with a preregistered survey experiment on citizens' intentions to participate in participatory budgets in the netherlands. i fielded the experiment among a sample of citizens that had just experienced a participatory budget (n = 225) and among a population-based sample (n = 1369). i operationalized the stakes as the amount of public money about which citizens can decide. the results show that more money generally does not increase citizens' intention to participate. supplementary analyses confirm the experimental findings and provide reasons how and why the stakes involved (do not) matter for citizens' involvement. 3. title: overlooking the front line: impacts of front-line worker inclusion on implementation and outcomes of collaborative innovation authors: riley v. livingstone abstract: policymakers acknowledge the need to drive innovation in health and social care, given the complex, �wicked� problems that such services are tasked with solving and the concept of collaborative innovation is proposed as a tool in which to reach solutions to these problems. prior case studies have overlooked the element of front-line worker inclusion on processes of collaborative innovation. this research explores this element through a case study of an intermediate care facility in scotland. this collaboration produced innovation, but the strength of the innovative solution was diluted by the omission of front-line workers in key phases of the innovation process. this paper contributes to the broader public administration literature by operationalizing a novel conceptual framework of collaborative innovation and by exploring the problematic implications of neglecting to include front line worker perspectives throughout the process of collaborative innovation. 4. title: street-level bureaucrats' emotional intelligence and its relation with their performance authors: jasper eshuis, noortje de boer, erik hans klijn abstract: this article analyses whether the emotional intelligence (ei) of street-level bureaucrats, in this case inspectors, predicts their individual performance. it explores whether ei predicts the aggression that inspectors face and whether this explains the relation between ei and performance. our survey among 547 inspectors, measuring their (self) perceptions, shows that inspectors' ability to appraise others' emotions and use their emotions intelligently (i.e., motivating themselves and maintaining a positive attitude) is significantly associated with inspectors' performance. ability to appraise others' emotions predicts increases encountered aggression (as perceived by inspectors), and capacity to regulate one's emotions correlates with decreased perceived encountered aggression. the paper contributes to street-level bureaucracy literature by identifying affective factors that help explain performance, and to ei literature by theorizing and testing succedents of various dimensions of ei rather than assuming that ei is unidimensional. 5. title: engaging stakeholders on tiktok: a multi-level social media analysis of nonprofit microvlogging authors: kimberly wiley, kayla schwoerer, micayla richardson, marlen barajas espinosa abstract: nonprofits are slow adopters of new social media platforms, yet many have joined tiktok. successful microvlogging on sites like tiktok, instagram, and snapchat requires different types of engagement than microblogging on sites like facebook and twitter. the authors conduct a mixed-method social media analysis to answer three questions: do microvlogs support traditional social media functions? how are nonprofits engaging with stakeholders through microvlogging? which function in the hierarchy of engagement framework best engages stakeholders? the authors qualitatively coded 1160 microvlogs on tiktok from 58 nonprofits. the qualitative dataset was merged with tiktok metadata to capture quantitative measures of user engagement. findings indicate nonprofits employ community-building strategies more than information-sharing and action strategies. users engage more often with the nonprofits' community-building microvlogs. the authors conclude that nonprofits adapt their strategy to more effectively engage stakeholders when microvlogging, which suggests there may be a �new hierarchy� of engagement for microvlogging platforms. 6. title: effects of local government social media use on citizen compliance during a crisis: evidence from the covid-19 crisis in china authors: hanchen jiang, xiao tang abstract: improving citizen compliance is a major goal of public administration, especially during crises. although social media are widely used by government agencies across the globe, it is still unclear that whether the use of social media can help local governments improve citizen compliance especially during crises. based on an original daily panel dataset of 189 cities in china during covid-19, this study provides empirical evidence for the positive effect that crisis-related social media posts published by local government agencies has on citizen compliance. in addition, this effect is mediated by the topic of prevention measures in social media posts, and is stronger in cities with higher gdp per capita, better educated citizens and wider internet coverage. the findings imply that social media is an efficient and low-cost tool to assist local government agencies to achieve public administration objectives during crises, and its efficacy is largely dependent on regional socioeconomic status. 7. title: why do public agencies seek accountability? the role of audiences authors: thijs de boer abstract: accountability-seeking behaviors of public agencies are said to be motivated, among others, by attempts at pre-empting stricter mandatory provisions, logic of appropriateness motives, machiavellian opportunism, reputational considerations, and a perceived need to compensate for the inadequacy of traditional arrangements. however, we do not know when a particular rationale, or a combination thereof, prevails. this study therefore examines how public agencies seek accountability, to whom and for what reason. relying on data from 15 interviews with top-level managers/directors and 75 survey responses, it demonstrates that the type of audience to whom the account is rendered is a key explanatory factor as to why specific mechanisms become �activated.� this study furthermore uncovers why certain rationales are associated with specific types of audiences. thus, rather than a �holy grail� of one set of driving motivations, our study suggests, one should look at the audience to understand why a public agency seeks accountability. 8. title: contextual recipes for adopting private control and trust in public�private partnership governance authors: jinbo song, hongyan liu, yan sun, lingchuan song abstract: in governing public�private partnerships (ppps), transferring control rights to the private sectors and building trust among partners are recognized as solutions to improve efficiency and adaptability. however, what contexts would fit into the adoption of these solutions remains unclear. building on the relevant literature on project attributes and project environments, this article divides the context into several crucial factors: asset specificity, project publicness, institutional completeness, market maturity, and regulatory quality. a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsqca) was conducted on 1378 ppp projects in developing countries to examine the contexts that support the outcomes of private control and trust. six causal paths created by a mix of contextual conditions are found to be sufficient for the outcomes, to which certain factors make unique contributions. knowledge of these paths and context configurations can help to match the context to the considered governance solutions, thereby contributing to successful ppp governance. 9. title: change leadership and change embeddedness in public organizations: connecting macrolevel reform to microlevel implementation authors: malcolm j. higgs, ben s. kuipers, bram steijn abstract: governments initiate major public sector reforms for various reasons. although change leadership appears crucial, its role in implementing reforms in public organizations receives scant attention. insights from public administration and change management literature help to bridge the gap between these macrolevel and microlevel perspectives. our multilevel study of two youth care organizations addressing public sector reform explores how leadership behavior�and in interaction between top and middle managers�contributes to the concept of what we call change embeddedness among front-line employees. the use of leadership behaviors during the reform that are leader centric (shaping) appear to be associated with greater ambiguity and worse change embeddedness. however, leadership focused on engaging employees and boundary spanning with external organizations seems to support the embeddedness of the reform, especially when these behaviors are connected to a clear sense of purpose around the change. 10. title: a framework for analyzing organizational culture among politicians: exploring implications for participatory governance schemes authors: signy irene vabo, marte winsvold abstract: in this article, we develop a theoretical framework for investigating how organizational culture relates to the roles of elected representatives. based on douglas's grid and group logic, our framework evaluates two cultural dimensions, negotiability and conflictuality, upon which these roles depend. the negotiability dimension describes elected representatives' roles from a strictly hierarchical and bounded notion of how politics should be handled to a horizontal and inclusive notion. the conflictuality dimension considers politics as confrontation versus a deliberative consensus-oriented way of handling political issues. by investigating a participatory governance measure called �task committees�, we examine how the framework functions empirically. our analysis shows how different aspects of organizational culture are reflected in councilors' interpretations of and practices related to this interactive participatory governance scheme and illuminates the implications of organizational culture for the use of such schemes. 11. title: the effectiveness of network administrative organizations in governing interjurisdictional natural resources authors: yixin liu, chao tan abstract: can network administrative organizations (naos) improve networks' ability to solve complex social and environmental problems? this is a classical question in collaborative governance. the public management literature examines collaborative outcomes at either the organization or the entire network level, but has not addressed �edge level� outcomes to evaluate structured interactions among network actors. therefore, we investigate outcomes in an interjurisdictional area that reflect collaborative efforts between local governments. recently, guangdong province in china enacted the river chief system, an institutional reform that mandates the provincial government to establish an nao to coordinate intercity rivers' management. to assess how well the reform has worked to reduce pollution, we employ the synthetic control method using monthly water quality data from 14 river monitoring sites in two neighboring cities. our results indicate that the reform reduced the interjurisdictional river sites' pollution level effectively by 36% in the following year. this preliminary finding contributes to the collaborative governance theory and provides new evidence on whether the nao model improves the shared outcomes between local governments. 12. title: network structures and network effects across management and policy contexts: a systematic review authors: qian hu, alejandra medina, michael d. siciliano, weijie wang abstract: the wide application of networks in public administration has been driven by the practical need to address increasingly complex management and policy problems. to understand the outcomes of network structures, we reviewed empirical network research and examined the effects of six network structural properties across the five most studied policy domains. we found that certain structural properties such as global connectedness were consistently associated with positive network effects. other structures such as brokerage/structural holes provided mixed findings, depending on the policy domain. overall, our field is still in the early stages of developing research on network effects. the number of hypotheses on both node-level and system-level effects in any policy domain was relatively small. most studies focused only on a single network at a single point in time, and thus very little work currently exists that examines the influence of contextual factors and their combined effects with network structures. 13. title: intra-provincial fiscal decentralization, relative wealth, and healthcare efficiency: empirical evidence from china authors: shuo sun, rhys andrews abstract: decentralizing fiscal power to locally elected governments is often regarded as beneficial for public service efficiency. however, questions remain about whether decentralizing fiscal responsibilities work well in countries lacking political decentralization. in china, fiscal decentralization has significantly strengthened the role of local governments in the provision of healthcare services, but evidence of its efficiency effects is scarce. to cast light on this issue, this study investigates the relationship between intra-provincial fiscal decentralization and the productive efficiency of healthcare services in china. analysis of panel data for 2006�2017 suggests that expenditure and revenue decentralization from provincial to sub-provincial governments significantly improves healthcare efficiency. further analysis suggests that the positive impact of healthcare expenditure decentralization on healthcare efficiency may be stronger in wealthier provinces. these findings have important theoretical and practical implications. 14. title: exploring the foundational origins of public service motivation through the lens of behavioral genetics authors: christoffer florczak, stig hebbelstrup rye rasmussen, ulrich thy jensen, justin m. stritch, kaare christensen, asbj�rn sonne n�rgaard, robert klemmensen abstract: despite the proliferation of research on public service motivation (psm), fundamental questions about its origins continue to evade scholars: is psm driven by genetics, socialized through experiences, or both? if psm is socialized, when does socialization occur? answering these questions is critical for reconciling the state versus trait debate, and for assessing the validity of practical implications prescribed by psm studies. utilizing �nature's own experiment,� we adopt a classical twin design with 1035 twin pairs to identify how genetic heritability, a common environment, or unique environment and experiences can explain variation in psm. results show that psm is heavily influenced by individuals' unique environments and experiences; not by genetics. this lends strong evidence to psm's uniqueness as a motivational construct as related �other-regarding� concepts show sizeable genetic components. finally, our results corroborate that psm is a human resource with dynamic properties organizations can cultivate to enhance productivity in public service workforces. 15. title: neutralized, enhanced, tokenistic: the influence of formal employment of service-users on processes of co-production authors: trishna chauhan, charlotte croft, dimitrios spyridonidis abstract: can formally employing service-users in co-production roles redress the problematic power imbalances inhibiting co-production in the public sector? in this paper, we analyze service-users formally employed in co-production roles. through semi-structured interviews, we illustrate how actors use their voice, experience, and identity to respond to different power imbalances. first, through the process of �inverting professionalism� structural limitations resulted in neutralized co-production. second, through the process of �embedding expertise� formally employed service-users challenged collective expectations of their role and meditated power imbalances, resulting in enhanced co-production. finally, through the process of �perpetuating rejection� a new exacerbated power imbalance emerged when their employment became a negative resource, resulting in tokenistic co-production. we extend understandings of how formally employing service-users has potential to redress power imbalances. however, we caution against policy taking this for granted and argue that more consideration of the influence of different forms of power is needed. 16. title: the distribution of conflict and attention across energy infrastructure authors: jongeun you, tanya heikkila, christopher m. weible, serena kim, kyudong park, jill yordy, sharon l. smolinski abstract: across the world, public administration and policy decisions are related to diverse levels of conflict and attention. however, the degree and variance of conflict and attention remain largely unspecified. this article examines how types of energy infrastructure and characteristics of project location are associated with the distribution of conflict and attention around the energy infrastructure siting process. our empirical focus is on gas pipelines, electricity transmission lines, solar power projects, and wind power projects across the united states in 2018. primarily relying on regression analysis and interviews, this article finds differences in the distribution of conflict and attention intensity within and between these energy infrastructure types, with gas pipelines and wind power projects presenting relatively higher conflict and attention intensities. however, conflict and attention are skewed to low intensities across infrastructure types. characteristics of project locations that are positively associated with high conflict and attention intensity include the proportion of democratic voters and the level of urbanization in the places where projects are sited. in contrast, the proportion of black or hispanic residents is negatively associated with high conflict and attention intensity. 17. title: organizational commitment in public servants through civic engagement authors: nathalie mendez, claudia n. avellaneda abstract: the public service motivation (psm) theory has emphasized the distinctive motivational character of public employees in serving public institutions. however, scarce research has explored whether public service motivation extrapolates to civic engagement as another way to participate in public affairs. we contend that public employees' stronger sense of public interest expands toward higher engagement levels in social, economic, political, and civic organizations. using data from the most recent wave of the world values survey from 2017 to 2020 in 77 countries�this study compares the degree of civic engagement of public servants with general citizens' level of engagement. results across all world regions, except africa, support the hypotheses that public servants are more willing to participate in civic organizations. however, public employees' civic engagement is contingent on organizational type (modern vs. traditional) and bureaucratic rank (top- vs. street-level), for street-level bureaucrats participate more in traditional but not modern organizations. 18. title: commercializing nonprofit organizations? evidence from the chinese nonprofit sector authors: jiahuan lu, shanshan guan, qiang dong abstract: the increasing reliance on commercial income in the nonprofit sector (�nonprofit commercialization�) in various countries has become a highly contested topic. in recent years, chinese nonprofits have also paid growing attention to commercial activities and revenue. however, empirical studies on the commercialization of chinese nonprofits are limited. this study conducts the first empirical research to examine the scope and antecedents of nonprofit commercialization in china. through a nationwide survey of 336 service-delivery nonprofits (private nonenterprise organizations), the study finds that chinese nonprofits' overall level of commercialization is modest, but the level varies substantially by organization. further, informed by resource dependence theory, institutional theory, and organizational ecology theory, the study finds that chinese nonprofit commercialization is driven by resource insufficiency, government connections, and environmental munificence. these findings extend the literature on nonprofit commercialization with new empirical evidence from a non-western, authoritarian context. 19. title: unveiling environmental justice through open government data: work in progress for most us states authors: federica fusi, fengxiu zhang, jiaqi liang abstract: open government data (ogd) are critical for environmental justice (ej) policymaking, which is characterized by power and information asymmetries across government agencies, affected populations, and advocacy groups. we contend that not only should state governments provide ogd but also they should remove the burden associated with data access and use it to address the data divide and facilitate the participation of vulnerable populations in policymaking. applying a user-oriented approach, this article evaluates the completeness, usability, and accessibility of ej-ogd initiatives across the 50 us states. results show that only one out of five states achieves at least half points on our ej-ogd implementation score, suggesting that most states do not provide ogd to answer two core ej questions: �to what extent is my community exposed to environmental harm and health hazards? is the exposure disproportionately high given my community's socioeconomic characteristics?� we discuss implications for equity and next steps for the government. 20. title: between spin doctor and information provider: conceptualizing communication professionals in government ministries authors: tine u. figenschou, rune karlsen, kristoffer kolltveit abstract: communication professionals are increasingly found within government ministries. based on classic work on bureaucracy and recent literature on mediatization and personalization, this article develops two ideal types: the government information provider and government spin doctor. these ideals are constituted by six dimensions: recruitment criteria, values, loyalties, reputational concerns, interactions, and tasks. a study of nonpartisan communication professionals in norwegian ministries is used to illustrate the empirical relevance of the ideal types. the analysis shows that for loyalties and reputational concerns, norwegian communication professionals resemble the government information provider. regarding interactions and tasks, they resemble the government spin doctor. for recruitment criteria and values, the picture is mixed. the empirical application thereby illustrates a fruitful aspect of the framework as certain configurations will bring forth inbuilt tension in communication professionals' role. the framework allows a fine-grained approach to extend ongoing debates of appropriate and inappropriate practices of communication professionals in ministries. 21. title: global scientific production, international cooperation, and knowledge evolution of public administration authors: peng-hui lyu, ming-ze zhang, chuan-jun liu, eric w. t. ngai abstract: public administration is a discipline with considerable history, and is also a diverse, interdisciplinary field in social science. to analyze its evolution, discover the present research foci, and predict future development trends, this study applied scientometrics visualization technology to evaluate over 72,000 scientific articles from the 1920s to 2020s. this research referred to the ssci and jcr databases to gather scientific data of the discipline and the journals' impact factor. consequently, paper citations, cited journals, journal co-citations, author co-citations, authoritative papers, top countries, productive institutes, average references, and research collaboration trends were analyzed on the bases of the published literature. this study found top productive journals in the discipline, discovered productive countries and institutes, present the research foci, and predicted future development trends. through this study, scientific production, international cooperation, and knowledge evolution mode of public administration research offers a clear knowledge map of the public administration discipline. 22. title: a replication of �contracting out: for what? with whom?� authors: lachezar g. anguelov, benjamin m. brunjes abstract: in the 1980s, governments around the world adopted new public management ideas about inserting competition into government as a way to improve the performance of public organizations. in many nations, contracting out was one method of making governments more businesslike. yet, there have been few studies of how government contracting behaviors have changed since the early 1980s. we replicate ferris and graddy's classic 1986 study of local government production and sector choice to assess how public procurement has changed over the past 35 years. our findings show that today, contracting out is more commonly used across 25 local government service areas. in contrast to the original study, much of the growth has been in government-to-government contracts. for profit firms are also winning more contracts for high transaction cost work, while nonprofits are receiving fewer government contracts in nearly every service area. our analysis suggests that contracting out remains of the highest importance in 21st-century governance and that additional research is needed on how to manage contracts to achieve the best value. 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