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��ࡱ�>�� }��|��u �r��ibjbj�n�n2l��a��a�e ��""��8�\u��tlqqqqq��s�s�s�s�s�s�s$�u��x<�se��s��qq4btooo�^�q�q�so��soooq��3��(o�sxt0�to�x l�xoo2�x�pd��o��s�sw��t��x��"qs: urban studies volume 60, issue 15, november 2023 1. title: public transport as public space: introduction authors: tauri tuvikene, wladimir sgibnev, wojciech k)bbowski, jason finch abstract: introducing this special issue on public transport as public space, we discuss challenges in approaching public transport as public space and outline how incorporating approaches from different disciplines associated with urban studies is essential for this ambition. we offer an account of the multi-dimensional aspects of public transport as public space, including concepts of public space, questions of encounters and conviviality, linkages between micro- and macro-practices, regulations, discrepancies, conflicts and associated negative encounters, historicised experiences and political perspectives. we stress the need to expand existing perspectives on public space by embracing mobile spaces such as public transport. this entails scrutinising spaces inside public transport vehicles and stations as well as analysing the various ways across the sometimes physical and sometimes invisible barriers defined in written rules, separating public transport space from the remainder of the city�s public spaces, notably that of the street. thus, the special issue: explores questions about the spatiality of publicness; attends to public space as a normative ideal; considers critical aspects of passengering as related to conviviality and contested encounters; and, addresses how the publicness of public transport is affected by modernisation, post-colonialism and urban politics. as we strongly feel that these questions require learning from across disciplines, the special issue includes contributions from diverse fields across the realm of urban studies and humanities alike. 2. title: a bus as a compressed public space: everyday multiculturalism in milan authors: martina bovo, paola briata, massimo bricocoli abstract: the article contributes to understanding public transport as a public space by exploring diversity and the city through mobility. it investigates the compressed and mobile space of the 90/91 trolleybus in milan. due to its itinerary and extended schedule, this bus is intensively used by citizens with different ethnic, economic, social and cultural backgrounds. literature on planning and transport has recently started exploring qualitative issues through individual ethnographic research on transport means. research on everyday multiculturalism, despite recognising the role of public transport as a promising space to study the negotiation of difference, rarely adopts this specific focus and does it mainly from a socio-anthropological point of view. against this background, the work investigates the compressed space of a bus through an ethnographic exploration of people, spaces and practices onboard. notably, the article is is grounded on direct observation carried out by three classes of students in the urban ethnography course offered in the msc in urban planning and architecture at politecnico di milano, and presents a post-hoc reflection on the outcomes of the teaching project. grounding on this experience, the article argues that the compressed and mobile space of public transport is an excellent observation point to investigate everyday negotiation of difference and a privileged observatory of broader city dynamics. additionally, the multiplication of points of view embedded in the observations and experiences of students has proved how, in the face of increasingly diverse cities, pluralisation may be a key methodological approach. 3. title: small arrangements with self and others: a visual study of the everyday ordinary on paris�s a train authors: sandrine wenglenski abstract: it is generally considered that public transport is a more restrictive, less freely chosen form of public space, one that generates less chosen encounters than other public spaces. daily travel can nonetheless be considered a context of familiar everyday experience, and public transport a place that is likely to reconcile exposure to others with a certain form of privacy. in our research, we used video to observe the ordinary experience of day-to-day mobility in situ on the a train that serves the paris urban area (france). it reveals a taxonomy of the small arrangements with self and others that travellers display on public transport, by investigating the patterns of attention to others and the methods employed by individuals to cope with the anonymity and ambivalence of everyday experience. 4. title: a contingent publicness: entanglements on buses authors: yogi joseph, govind gopakumar abstract: a lacuna in our understanding of how publicness of public transit is being constituted is the primary point of departure for this paper. in recent times, publicness has been articulated through two parallel readings � one, a political economic reading that sees publicness through static macrostructural constraints; and two, micro-sociality aboard public transit manifests an in situ and spontaneous public space. moving beyond the static and the spontaneous, we articulate a dynamic co-constituted notion of publicness. building upon recent work that examines the entangling of micro- and macropolitics onboard public transit and relying upon a mobile ethnographic approach revolving around situated observation and interviewing surrounding buses located in the indian metropolis of bengaluru, this paper offers publicness as a contingent entity that is constituted through the process of transiting. 5. title: public space on the move: mediating mobility, stillness and encounter on a cape town bus authors: bradley rink abstract: as a public space, the environment of public transportation services is maintained by an ordered set of rules and conditions. such rules and conditions are prescribed by law as they are in generally-accepted norms of social behaviour within public space. through the examination of the conditions of carriage that govern bus transportation in cape town, south africa, using golden arrow bus services, this paper seeks to highlight the myriad ways that urban public space on the move is mediated, negotiated and controlled through rules of conduct that differentiate mobile public space from its counterpart in the environment outside the bus. understood as a mundane part of the social life of the city and its inhabitants, mobility in the form of public transportation is constituted by micro-communities whose publics are in a constant state of flux and negotiation. using analysis of the conditions of carriage and an ethnographic case study of bus passengering, this paper demonstrates how the conditions mediate the situated and lived assemblage of actors in mobile public space that is a liminal zone between inclusion and exclusion. 6. title: naming public transport and historicising experiences: critical toponymies and everyday multilingualism in singapore�s mass rapid transit system authors: shaun tyan gin lim, francesco perono cacciafoco abstract: public transport plays an integral role in urban centres by promoting economic development, mitigating environmental degradation and fostering social cohesion. it also enables users to experience the socio-cultural and linguistic diversity of a locality. public transport is important to the cosmopolitan city-state of singapore: its public transport system, which is ranked among the best in the world, is used by over 7.54 million passengers daily. nevertheless, not much is known about how the linguistic landscapes, soundscapes and place names are tied to public transport use and encounters. this study analyses singapore�s mass rapid transit (mrt) station names, effectively toponyms (place names) in their own right. specifically, it focuses on the east west and north south lines, two of singapore�s oldest mrt lines. besides tracing the (initially) tumultuous history of the mrt system, the paper studies the languages used in the mrt stations of both lines. it argues that place names, taken together with the sights and sounds of the mrt, are part of everyday multilingualism, or the linguistic dynamism when different linguistic groups occupy public spaces. this paper also explores some of the linguistic, socio-political and policy making considerations behind the mrt stations through a critical toponymic perspective. from the viewpoint of the special issue�s interests, the paper contributes to understanding the historicisation of singapore�s rail system and its contesting political and economic choices when developing the mrt. 7. title: on the move in the (post)colonial metropolis: the paris metro in francophone african and afrodiasporic fiction authors: anna-leena toivanen abstract: literary texts convey the complexities of the urban experience in a tangible way. while there is a wide body of work on literary representations of paris, the role of public transport as part of the (postcolonial) urban experience has not received much attention. this article sets out to analyse the meanings of the mobile public space comprising the paris metro in francophone african and afrodiasporic literary texts from the mid-20th century to the 2010s. the reading demonstrates how the texts represent the public space of the metro as a symbol of modernity, a space of disappointment and alienation, an embodiment of social inequalities and as a site of convivial encounters and claims of agency. through this analysis, the article highlights the role of literature in elucidating the intertwinement of mobility, public space and postcolonial urbanity. 8. title: distractions in a disruption: the soothing effect of the heritage bus ride during london tube strikes authors: kevin kh tsang abstract: this paper explores the cultural significance of replacement bus services during three london tube strikes in 2018. strikes cause delays to journeys, and are often anticipated, framed, and reported as nuisances. empirically informed by participant observation, the paper discusses how social interaction among passengers, triggered by a heritage bus journey, could redefine a disrupted commuter trip as a collective heritage journey, via its unusual materialities and sensations. passengers notice the different material configuration of heritage buses, leading to the creation of an affective atmosphere, which then spreads among passengers as if by affective contagion. the resulting initiation of a temporary guide�audience relationship in this unexpected space enabled different forms of intercultural dialogue and knowledge exchange, which transformed an ordinary everyday experience into something extraordinary, in which heightened awareness of the bus environment and an increase in social interaction somewhat resembled a guided tour of the city combined with commuter transport. while the economic injustices at the heart of tube strikes should not be neglected, i propose that the use of heritage buses as replacement transport contributes to the formation of affective atmosphere via the increase in social interactions triggered by their material configuration, and consequently to the sharing of everyday history. 9. title: transport reforms and its missing publics: insights from marshrutka abolishment and transport �modernisation� policies prior to fifa world cup 2018 in volgograd, russian federation authors: tonio weicker abstract: public transport modernisation policies in relation to mega events are increasingly prone to ready-made planning solutions and the application of globally recognised best practices. locally, the implementation of global transport solutions is usually promoted as a unique window of opportunity, which should finally contribute to the greater good of city societies through smooth traffic flows and better service quality. in contrast to this frictionless narrative, the article refers to the empirical case of transport reforms in volgograd, russia, prior to the fifa world soccer championship in 2018 and shows how poorly conceived transport modernisation policies can have a detrimental impact on local citizens. concretely, it builds on the local attempt to replace a commercial minibus system with an insufficient public�private partnership-based bus network and develops an argument that the public transport reform was doomed to fail as local stakeholders remained excluded from decision making. deriving from the empirical case, a pragmatist perspective on transport modernisation policies as urban issues of concern is introduced to examine how hegemonic governance tactics are effectively silencing crucial publics at stake, rendering voices of contestation marginalised. lastly, it will be argued that public transport reforms in volgograd, although contested and subversively undermined, challenge idealistic notions of public space, while they provide scope for experimental practice based on implicit local knowledge and cooperation in mobile space. 10. title: urban mobility infrastructures as public spaces: the uses of s� subway station in downtown s�o paulo authors: cristiana martin abstract: this article aims to contribute to the discussion on the publicness of public spaces by focusing on the uses of free access areas in urban mobility infrastructures such as subway stations, especially those uses not associated with mobility, transit and passenger flow � i call them �non-transit uses�. i also focus specifically on people at the station whose behaviour differs from a �typical passenger�. instead of entering the station and heading to platforms, the ones i call �non-passengers� do not ride the subway, do not arrive there by subway and remain at the station for long periods. to study the uses of space, i suggest an investigation framework that allows a focus on how these free access areas and their publicness are a product of these specific uses. the paper is based on lefebvre�s dialectic assumption on space, particularly his analytical triad of �perceived�, �conceived� and �lived� spaces, and frehse�s specific definition of uses (patterns of bodily behaviour and social interactions). i then investigate what the non-transit uses of non-passengers can reveal about the s� subway station in downtown s�o paulo by studying them in every aspect of lefebvre�s triad, thus revealing conceived, perceived and lived uses of the station. finally, i conclude that the �non-passengers� use the station in similar ways to a public square and that the �publicness� of this station lies in the relation of its non-transit uses with the s� square placed above the station. 11. title: the gates of paradise are open : contesting and producing publicness in the brussels metro through fare evasion authors: louise str�uli, wojciech kbbowski abstract: drawing on the example of the metro in brussels, we examine public transport as a public space. we uncover how the conception of the metro and its fare system reflects an idealisation of public transport that conflicts with the daily experiences and structural inequalities among its users, manifested, in part, in fare evasion. we explore this practice through qualitative interviews, observational studies and analysis of online evader platforms. in contrast with existing research, we recognise fare evasion as a complex practice that challenges and shapes the publicness of public transport through knowledge exchange, solidarity building, social encounters and a redefinition of social norms. 12. title: a transport of one�s own: women in contemporary mexico city�s public transport through the lens of photojournalism authors: teresa franco abstract: this article proposes the use of photojournalism to understand women�s urban mobility practices in contemporary mexico city. throughout the analysis, a variety of issues such as economic violence, time poverty and sexual harassment emerge. in general, the article argues that, by analysing the cultural representations that circulate within different media in a specific social and historical context, particular experiences of urban mobilities are made visible, thereby enriching current urban mobility scholarship. specifically, the article explores how the analysis of material makes visible the various and distinct encounters that women experience when using public transport in mexico city. the article makes the case that there is already plenty of scholarship within the humanities and cultural studies that could be integrated into existing research on urban mobility practices, enhancing our understanding of how such practices are distinct in particular locations and time periods, and ultimately helping to achieve a more complex and nuanced understanding of them. 13. title: public spaces of transport as mobile public spheres and atmospheric publics authors: mimi sheller abstract: public transport is a contested political terrain and an arena of micro-political struggle: it is always kinopolitical. this reflection on the articles gathered in the special issue on public transport as public space discusses their connections to prior work in the field and what we can learn from these new studies of public transport as a public space, as a public sphere and as an atmospheric public constellation. it shows how the concept of mobile publics opened up new avenues for exploring the relation *.>bfv\`bdhz��l ��ʸʸʸ��~qcuhc=uhicy5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h�oh�o5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h�fh�f5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�oh�o5�cjojqj^jajbdf�n ��f}u��"��-�#�#��gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4l n � � ��efno|}��ʼ��喤�x��x�j]odh%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(h f�h f�ojqj^jhih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h f�h 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