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volume 71, issue 1�jan/feb 2011
1. title: the duty to take care: president obama, public administration, and the capacity to govern.
authors: cooper, phillip j.
abstract: president barack obama inherited many challenges as he entered the white house. one of the most important obligations he faced was the constitutional duty to 'take care that the laws be faithfully executed.' meeting that commitment has been rendered more difficult because obama seems not to have recognized that the people and organizations of the executive branch are facing a crisis in the capacity to govern. this essay argues that no matter how talented president obama may be in public policy or on the stump, he likely will not accomplish his constitutional duty unless he engages that capacity crisis.
2. title: trends in the study of public administration: empirical and qualitative observations from public administration review, 2000-2009.
authors: raadschelders, jos c. n.; lee, kwang-hoon.
abstract: what are the apparent research and methodological trends in par's content over the past decade? from the perspective of the journal's 70-year history, with its aim to 'mesh' practitioner and academic knowledge creation, topical coverage since 2000 reflects striking continuity, emphasizing many of the 'bread and butter' administrative issues such as planning, human resources, budgeting, and public management. a marked increase in coverage is apparent in the application of more sophisticated quantitative statistical methodology, as well as in the number of female authors, while the number of practitioner authors declined sharply. throughout the first turbulent decade of the twenty-first century, three intellectual themes stood out: evaluations of new public management, connections between practitioners and academicians, and responsiveness to immediate social, economic, and political challenges. given the constant demand for usable knowledge, scholars seem to have marginalized attention to the historical context and epistemological foundations of the study. the central challenge in the years ahead will be to effectively use research methods in response to the big questions of government and society that defy measurement. since many [empiricists], especially the younger, do not know very much about epistemology, they tend to be quite dogmatic about the one set of canons that dominate them.
3. title: real reform or change for chumps: earmark policy developments, 2006-2010.
authors: doyle, richard.
abstract: in response to widespread perceptions of problems associated with congressional earmarks, reform efforts began in late 2006 and continued through 2010. this essay summarizes those problems, explains the distribution of earmarks within congress, and documents their rise and relative fall between 1991 and 2010 using government and public interest group databases. the author explains and critiques earmark reform policies, including congressional rules, initiatives taken by the congressional appropriations committees, and reforms pursued by the george w. bush and barack obama administrations. congressional rules and committee-initiated reforms have been most effective, resulting in significant improvements in earmark transparency and accountability. the number and dollar value of earmarks first dropped noticeably in fiscal year 2007 after an earmark moratorium, and then stabilized as reforms were implemented. it is premature to conclude that these levels will continue or that reforms will alter the policy content of earmarks or their distribution among members of congress.
4. title: more similarities or more differences? comparing public and nonprofit managers' job motivations.
authors: lee, young-joo; wilkins, vicky m.
abstract: existing research on career motivations tends to focus either on the difference between private and public organizations or on the difference between nonprofit and for-profit firms. although commonalities exist, the literature suggests that there also are many differences in what motivates public and nonprofit employees. employing data from the national administrative studies project iii, this research examines how seven motivational aspects correlate with the choice between public and nonprofit employment. the authors find that managers who value advancement opportunities, a pension and retirement plan, and the ability to serve the public in their jobs are more likely to accept a job in the public sector, whereas managers who value family-friendly policies and increased responsibility are more likely to accept a position in the nonprofit sector. participation in volunteering is positively associated with nonprofit employment. the authors suggest a possible link between volunteering and the unique nonprofit motivation that is differentiated from public service motivation.
5. title: taking nonprofit intermediaries seriously: a middle-range theory for implementation research.
authors: shea, jennifer.
abstract: the federal government often works through nonprofit intermediaries to reach and empower communities in the united states. one increasingly popular policy strategy is to offer grant funding to intermediary organizations in an effort to strengthen communities. funded intermediaries are tasked with building the capacity of faith-based and community organizations at the local level, but the policy theory that informs these programs does not specify how these capacity-building efforts will lead to stronger communities. missing is a middle-range implementation theory that links inputs to community-level changes through the actions of an intermediary. derived from empirical case study evidence using process-tracing analysis, the theory of the community-integrated intermediary posited in this article helps fill that gap.
6. title: soldiers to citizens: the link between military service and volunteering.
authors: nesbit, rebecca; reingold, david a.
abstract: research shows that military service is linked with political engagement, such as voting. this connection is strongest for minorities. the authors explore the relationship between military service and volunteering. they conclude that military service helps overcome barriers to volunteering by socializing people with civic responsibility norms, by providing social resources and skills that compensate for the lack of personal resources, and by making veterans aware of opportunities to volunteer as well as asking them to do so. military service is positively related to volunteering among blacks and hispanics. married veterans are more likely to volunteer than nonveterans. veterans who served during wartime are more likely to volunteer than those who served in peacetime.
7. title: predictors of administrative and technological innovations in nonprofit organizations.
authors: jaskyte, kristina.
abstract: this study examines the effects of human and structural/process factors on two types of innovation-administrative and technological-in a sample of nonprofit organizations. the results indicate that factors that are favorable to administrative innovations differ from those that are conducive to technological innovation. three variables are significant predictors of administrative innovation: centralization, transformational leadership, and the executive director's job tenure. transformational leadership contributes significantly to the model of technological innovation. based on the results of this study, the author provides implications for nonprofit management and future research.
8. title: deconstructing school choice: problem schools or problem students?
authors: rabovsky, thomas.
abstract: school choice has developed into one of the most contentious policy debates in k-12 education. proponents argue that choice leads to competition among schools, thereby raising school quality for all students, while opponents claim that school choice often results in racial segregation and worsens inequity. the findings of this study, collected from qualitative interviews with school administrators and quantitative analysis of school performance and enrollment data, suggest that a common form of school choice, intradistrict transfer, may not always have the desired impacts on administrators, particularly with regard to intradistrict transfer programs. in addition, the author finds important differences in criteria that shape transfer decisions at different grade levels, and in the factors that shape the decision to transfer away from a school versus those that influence decisions about which school to transfer into.
9. title: public administration as an interdisciplinary field: assessing its relationship with the fields of law, management, and political science.
authors: wright, bradley e.
abstract: public administration is an interdisciplinary field, building on a variety of disciplinary approaches and values. but how well does the field of public administration reflect those values and processes? in contrast to previous arguments regarding the degree to which the field does or should incorporate values and lessons from other academic disciplines, this study provides a systematic assessment of the field's reliance on research and theory from the fields of law, management, and political science. an analysis of journal citations across these fields suggests that research in public administration is largely isolated from the three disciplines that are commonly believed to form its foundation.
10. title: toward 'strong democracy' in global cities? social capital building, theory-driven reform, and the los angeles neighborhood council experience.
authors: musso, juliet; weare, christopher; bryer, thomas; cooper, terry l.
abstract: with faith in government waning, cultural diversity spiraling, and fiscal stress straining the ability of policy makers to address the policy challenges accompanying these developments, the salience of (re)connecting citizens with government takes on renewed urgency today. nowhere is this more the case than in urban america, where so-called global cities teeming with ethnic diversity and controlling a disproportionate amount of global business in the world economy confront profound citizen participation challenges, choices, and opportunities. in this installment of theory to practice, the authors cull lessons from their 10-year action theory-based assessment and participation in the city of los angeles' neighborhood council experience. comparing and contrasting their findings in this global city with those from related studies on participatory mechanisms and deliberative processes more generally, they offer six lessons for those seeking to build stronger democracy in urban areas, argue that further advances require a greater research focus on the longitudinal implementation of these efforts rather than just on their design, and contend that university researchers have a role to play in these efforts as long as they appreciate the paradoxical nature of their participation. expert e-commentary by brian cook of virginia tech, tina nabatchi of syracuse university, and john thomas of georgia state university on the perspectives and arguments culled from los angeles' theory-based participatory efforts can be found on the par website (go to aspanet.org, click on the link to par, and then on the theory to practice link). these e-commentaries are accompanied by the authors' response and instructions on how par readers can join the exchange.
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11. title: reflections: diversity and the administrative state.
authors: carrizales, tony
abstract: the article reviews the book "administration and the other: explorations of diversity and marginalization in the political administrative state," by kyle farmbry.
12. title: the quest for gender equity.
authors: harris, g. l. a.
abstract: the article reviews the book "the declining significance of gender?," edited by francine d. blau, mary b. brinton, and david b. grusky.
13. title: why bother with budget work?
authors: justice, jonathan b.
abstract: the article reviews the book "budgeting for the poor," edited by mark robinson.
14. title: the first report card on the bush mba presidency.
authors: popejoy, michael w.
abstract: the article reviews the book "president george w. bush�s influence over bureaucracy and policy: extraordinary times, extraordinary powers," edited by colin provost and paul teske.
15. title: cultural conflict and resistance: the importance of space in urban schools.
authors: sadovnik, alan r.; lindemans, aris damadian.
abstract: the article reviews the book "corridor cultures: mapping student resistance at an urban high school," by maryann dickar.
16. title: local government in a north american context.
authors: schatteman, alicia m.
abstract: the article reviews the book "local government in british columbia," fourth edition by edited by robert l. bish and eric g. clemens.
17. title: do you have to be innovative to study innovation?
authors: wallis, allan.
abstract: the article reviews the book "innovations in government: research, recognition, and replication," edited by sanford borins.
18. title: answers in search of a question.
authors: williams, daniel w.
abstract: :^`npz~� � -�z�0��`a��b n#�#�#�#�&'�*x :. /6(6*6,6�68j8�8b9�9�9�:d;�; <���ۺ۶���������������������������{�������������h�zh�z5�oj^jajh�zh�zojqj^jajh�zh�z5�ojqj^jajh�zh�z5�ojqj^jh�z hmd�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�zh�z5�cjoj^jaj#h�zh�z5�cjojqj^jaj#h�zh�z5�cjojqj^jaj0:z|~h � ,-��yz��/0��z���, y m#n#����������������������������gd�z$a$gd�zn#�#�#�&�&�&'�*�*r n 9.:.�.!/66*6,6�6�688f8`8�8�8999�9�����������������������������gd�z�9�9�9�9�:�:;:;�;�;�;<�<�<�<�<�=�=�=�=iiiiiiiii����������������������������gdc?�gd�z <�<=�=�=hii
iiiiiiiii����������������hr$jhr$uh�zh)w�ojqj^jajuh�zh�z5�ojqj^jajh�zh�zojqj^jajthe article reviews two books which are "performance-based management systems: effective implementation and maintenance" by patria de lancer julnes and "performance information in the public sector: how it is used" edited by wouter van dooren and steven van de walle.
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