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availability of study results, however, it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track under which conditions leadership does or does not make a difference in the public sector. this study provides a meta-analysis of administrative leadership and various correlates that research has theorized as outcomes of leadership. the results of a multi-level random-effects meta-analysis based on 486 effect sizes from 151 studies show that correlations are stronger for the achievement of beneficial than for the prevention of detrimental outcomes, as well as for group- and organization-related than for employee-related outcomes. moderation analyses reveal that leadership style, administrative tradition, administrative subfield, and methodological factors explain heterogeneity in effect sizes. 2. title: does public managers' type of education affect performance in public organizations? a systematic review authors: s�ren netra, peter s�rensen, camilla hansen nejstgaard abstract: although scholars agree that public managers' education could affect performance in public organizations, no attempt has been made to synthesize the empirical evidence on this relationship. consequently, we ask, do public managers with a general management education, such as an mpa, or a specialist education, such as an md in the context of a hospital, affect different types of performance in public organizations? based on a preregistered systematic literature review, we find 548 effect sizes from 50 quantitative studies by screening more than 12,000 potentially eligible studies. our meta-regression analyses show that specialist managers have a statistically significant small average advantage on field-specific performance compared to other managers, and that generalist managers have a statistically significant small average advantage on financial performance compared to other managers. based on these results, we recommend that future research investigate the theoretical linkages between public managers' education and performance in public organizations. 3. title: executive leadership, policy tourism, and policy diffusion among local governments authors: hongtao yi, ivy liu abstract: policy tourism is an important but rarely studied phenomenon describing a widespread practice, through which local public and business leaders form delegations, choose target cities, and implement intercity policy diffusion, business exchange, and economic collaboration. our research examines how executive leadership characteristics, city-level contextual factors, and interdependence mechanisms relate to cities' decisions to visit. using two-stage probit selection models with instrumental variables on a dyadic balanced panel dataset recording all policy tourism events between major u.s. cities from 2007 to 2016, we answer this question accounting for potential endogeneity problems. our findings suggest that cities with experienced yet newly appointed, minority leaders tend to visit cities with experienced white or female leaders. additionally, policy tourism happens among cities embedded in highly complex, munificent, and turbulent environments. finally, cities tend to learn from peers with higher economic prosperity or interact with their competitors. 4. title: joint effects of shared and transformational leadership on performance in street-level bureaucracies: evidence from the educational sector authors: urszula lagowska, filipe sobral, gustavo tavares abstract: recent theories of public administration emphasize the importance of leadership as shared property. this research focuses on the role of the interaction between vertical and shared leadership in promoting agency performance. specifically, it examines the joint effects of shared leadership and transformational leadership on team empowerment and performance in public settings. based on field study data collected from 74 street-level bureaucracies and 423 public servants in brazil, we find evidence that vertical transformational leadership strengthens the direct relationship between shared leadership and team empowerment as well as the indirect relationship between shared leadership and school performance through team empowerment (a moderated-mediation model). the findings of this study suggest that greater attention should be paid to the dynamics of shared and vertical leadership structures to better understand their consequences for team processes and outcomes in public settings. 5. title: enriching transactional leadership with public values authors: trang thu nguyen, evan m. berman, geoff plimmer, andre samartini, meghna sabharwal, jeannette taylor abstract: past studies raise concerns that generic transactional leadership has low effectiveness and may reduce intrinsic motivations and commitments in the public sector. this study introduces public value-focused transactional leadership (pvtl) as transactional leadership that makes public values central in employee job expectations and rewards and fills gaps in transformational leadership. a dyadic study finds that managers using public values in transactional leadership have significantly greater leadership effectiveness than managers using only generic transactional leadership. pvtl has comparable effectiveness as transformational leadership and adds a process for strengthening motivations through public values. recommendations are made for application and further research into this distinctive public sector leadership style. 6. title: antecedents and consequences of servant leadership in local governance: evidence from three case studies authors: pallavi awasthi, fred o. walumbwa abstract: although servant leadership has emerged as an important community-oriented leadership approach that is desirable for public organizations, relatively less research attention has been devoted to understanding its antecedents as well as its organizational and community-level consequences. drawing on self-categorization and stakeholder theories, this study investigates the antecedents and consequences of servant leadership in local government agencies using a comparative analysis of three case studies (two counties and a city). findings highlight two frameworks of antecedents and consequences of servant leadership in local governance: (1) the underlying mechanisms�translating antecedents into servant leadership and (2) the intervening mechanisms�translating as organizational and community-level consequences of servant leadership. these findings have implications for both public sector leadership theory and practice. theoretically, servant leadership emerges as an inclusive approach that fosters stakeholder engagement and community prosperity in local governments. practically, the findings suggest a pathway for utilizing servant leadership as an instrument for potential selection, training, succession planning, and servant leadership development in local government managers. 7. title: local institutions and public service outsourcing: managerial professionalism, mayoral strength, and electoral rules authors: wenchi wei, zhiwei zhang, kaifeng yang abstract: this research examines how institutional contexts matter for us municipalities' service outsourcing decisions, deriving data from the icma's multiple rounds of surveys concerning local institutions and service delivery choices. we focus on seven pivotal local institutions that address managerial professionalism, mayoral strength, and electoral rules. moreover, a composite index measuring the general nature of the municipal structure on a political�administrative scale is constructed based on the local institutions examined. the empirical estimations use the existence of initiatives and popular referenda allowing citizen voters to adjust local statutes as instrumental variables for local institutions. we find that municipalities with a council-manager municipal form, a professional manager, a weak mayor, and nonpartisan and at-large elections of council members outsource less services. professional managers can moderate the effects of contextual factors on government outsourcing decisions. moreover, municipalities with a more political or a less administrative municipal structure outsource a larger portion of services. 8. title: managing bureaucratic reputation in the face of crises: an experimental examination of the effect of strategic communication authors: danbee lee abstract: research on bureaucratic reputation has found that public organizations respond strategically to reputational threats. to understand better the way public organizations should communicate with their external audiences, upon which they depend for necessary resources and democratic legitimacy, this study examines the effectiveness of various communication strategies that agencies often use in response to a crisis. the results of a series of vignette experiments involving us adults show that an agency's communication strategy in response to crises does indeed influence citizens' reputation judgments. specifically, compared with remaining silent, organizations that offer the public explanations of crises mitigate their reputational losses more effectively. further, this study finds that people's prior reputation judgments and the nature of the crisis itself are important factors involved in the formation of reputation judgments, although these findings contradict communication theories. the implications for theory and practice are discussed. 9. title: can public-private innovation partnerships improve public services? evidence from a synthetic control approach authors: jos� m. alonso, rhys andrews abstract: public-private innovation (ppi) partnerships can generate innovative approaches to improving public services. however, incomplete contract theories point to difficulties in making public-private collaborations work effectively and efficiently. drawing on these theories, we analyze the transfer of the management of a children's social services department in a large metropolitan government in england to an �improvement partnership� between the local government and two private firms. using a synthetic control method approach, we find little evidence of improved health or educational outcomes for looked after children during the years following the creation of the partnership. however, there appears to be an increase in the costs of providing children's social services, which documentary evidence suggests may be attributable to weak contract management capacity, difficulties embedding performance monitoring, and additional expenditures on the partnership's reform programme. our findings therefore highlight that effective supervision of ppi partnerships is essential for making them a success. 10. title: choose your collaborators wisely: addressing interdependent tasks through collaboration in responding to wildfire disasters authors: �rjan bodin, angela m. guerrero, daniel nohrstedt, julia baird, robert summers, ryan plummer, lorien jasny abstract: responding to disastrous wildfires traversing geographical scales requires multi-actor collaboration to address a series of interdependent operational tasks. while this type of distributed collective action problem is salient across governance contexts, less is known about if and how collaboration helps individual actors effectively address their tasks. applying a novel network-centric method to wildfire responder networks in canada and sweden, this study shows that when actors working on the same tasks collaborate, and/or when one actor addresses two interdependent tasks, effectiveness increases. the number of collaborative ties an actor has with others does not enhance effectiveness. furthermore, when the chain of command is unclear, and/or when actors lack recent disaster management experience and/or pre-existing collaborative relationships, effectiveness only increases if multiple actors collaborate over multiple interdependent tasks. the results have implications for disaster response agencies, and they provide valuable insights for collaborative responses to significant societal and environmental challenges. 11. title: embracing dynamic tensions: peacekeeping as a balancing act of complexity authors: soili paananen, alisa puustinen, harri raisio, harri jalonen abstract: the article examines how military leaders serving as peacekeepers navigate complexity and adapt to it. the theoretical underpinnings of the study are linked to adaptive peacebuilding and complexity leadership theory, and specifically to how enabling leadership through adaptive space helps to work with the local conflict dynamics and change to sustain peace. the findings are based on 29 interviews with military leaders with command experience in peacekeeping operations. the findings introduce five dimensions that unpack complexity into structural, functional, security-related, professional, and steering-related complexity and provide empirical evidence on balancing actions relating to complexity in a peacekeeping context. the article develops an analytical framework for peacekeeping. it also contributes to complexity leadership theory by unpacking the complexity into dimensions, unpacking the actors into groups and communities with commitments, and addressing power relations and the dark side of their emergence. 12. title: animals in the study of public administration authors: jerry mitchell abstract: the human-animal experience has eluded the study of public administration. the evidence shows the field's top journals and textbooks have paid little attention to animals, public affairs degree programs are mostly without animal-focused courses, and professional associations have failed to include, for the most part, animals as stakeholders whose interests should be considered. this lack of attention is out of step with a world confronting such wicked problems as animal cruelty, species extinction, and zoonosis. practical ways are proposed for incorporating animal topics into scholarship, education, and the overall posture of the discipline. the expectation is that a focus on non-human species can shapeshift the field toward a biocentric outlook and a truly authentic understanding of public affairs. 13. title: swooshed: how nike and the city of new york could potentially change the landscape of city branding through apparel licensing agreements authors: michael blair thomas abstract: cities across the united states are increasingly implementing branding into their strategic plans. several municipalities are finding creative ways to do so, paced by new york city's 2019 licensing agreement with sportswear giant, nike. the city (via nyc & company) and nike entered into a 2-year agreement that is claimed by nike as the first known partnership of its kind. the contract allows the sportswear company to produce footwear and apparel with nearly all the city's likenesses, with product release subject to the city's approval. buoyed by an analysis of relevant public and place branding literatures, this viewpoint analyzes the cultural ties that serve as the foundation of the relationship between the two entities and the potential impact of non-financial elements to consider within the agreement. the article offers questions that practitioners should ponder when deciding to enter licensing agreements when opportunities become available. 14. title: can politicians jeopardize public�private partnerships? the case of the mottarone cable car crash authors: gianluca f. delfino abstract: this study discusses the possible effects of the intervention of politicians�actors that operate above organizations�in the monitoring and execution of public�private partnerships (ppps). using the recent case of the mottarone cable car crash, this research offers evidence that, pressured by private organizations, political actors had both weakened the public sector's ability to effectively monitor the private sector in the execution of ppps and facilitated private firms in deviating from their contractual obligations. these findings suggest that the interference of the government in ppps likely has increased the challenges of establishing accountability, and this is also source of ethical issues. �n n/ffnċ� 15. title: annika jaansoo, provision of services across international borders: factors driving cooperation of subnational governments in europe (university of twente, 2019). isbn: 9789036547581 authors: martina eckardt abstract: the article reviews the book �provision of services across international borders: factors driving cooperation of subnational governments in europe� by annika jaansoo. 16. title: diane stone and kim moloney, the oxford handbook of global policy and transnational administration (new york: oxford university press, 2019). 765 pp. (including index). $125 (hardcover), isbn: 9780198758648 authors: samantha temple abstract: the article reviews the book �the oxford handbook of global policy and transnational administration� by diane stone and kim moloney. 17. title: mervyn k. lewis, rethinking public private partnerships (cheltenham, edward elgar, 2021) 160 pp. (�70.00 paperback, paperback isbn 978-1-78990-639-4. authors: stefan verweij abstract: the article reviews the book �rethinking public private partnerships� by $&./1befghikt���ʹʹʧ��xd\oa3h�?p`ajkv$w$x$y${$�$�$�����֟��vh]pb4ph|�h|�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh|�5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(ht%ht%ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h�$[5�ojqj^jhvi�hvi�5�ojqj^jhvi�hr7a5�ojqj^jht%ht%5�ojqj^jhr7a5�ojqj^jo(hr7ahr7a5�ojqj^j�6aw$x$�$'%�)�))*=*e.f.�./`3a3�3\4�8�8(9n9{=|=�=�������������������������gd�s�gd�_gdlz�gd�)ggd|�gd)w�gdr7a�$�$�$% 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