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��ࡱ�>�� `b����_��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������u �r�e4bjbj�n�n28��a��a� �������""������������8�,%��ol99999mmm�n�n�n�n�n�n�n$�p��s<�nu�mmmmm�n��994boaaam��9�9�nam�naaa9�������}�����[a�nxo0�oa�skf�saaj1�s��kmmammmmm�n�n��mmm�ommmm���������������������������������������������������������������������smmmmmmmmm"q s: world politics volume 75, issue 4, oct 2023 1. title: voting against autocracy authors: svolik, milan w. abstract: when and how do voters punish politicians for subverting democracy? to investigate the role of the public in democratic backsliding, i develop a conceptual framework that differentiates among three mechanisms: vote switching, backlash, and disengagement. the first mechanism entails defection by voters from a candidate who undermines democracy to one who does not; the latter two mechanisms entail transitions between voting and abstention. i estimate the magnitude of each mechanism by combining evidence from a series of original survey experiments, traditional surveys, and a quasi-experiment afforded by the rerun of the 2019 istanbul mayoral election, in which the governing party, akp, attempted to overturn the result of an election that it had lost. i find that although vote switching and backlash contributed to the akp's eventual defeat the most, each of the three mechanisms served as a democratic check in some subset of the istanbul electorate. persuasion, mobilization, and even demobilization are all viable tools for curbing the authoritarian tendencies of elected politicians. 2. title: nationalism and the puzzle of reversing state size authors: cederman, lars-erik; girardin, luc; m�ller-crepon, carl. abstract: having increased for centuries, territorial state size began to decline toward the end of the nineteenth century and has continued to do so. the authors argue that processes triggered by ethnic nationalism are the main drivers of this development. their empirical approach relies on time-varying spatial data on state borders and ethnic geography since the nineteenth century. focusing on deviations from the nation-state ideal, the authors postulate that state internal ethnic fragmentation leads to reduction in state size and that the cross-border presence of dominant ethnic groups makes state expansion more likely. conducted at the systemic and state levels, the analysis exploits information at the interstate dyadic level to capture specific nationalist processes of border change, such as ethnic secession, unification, and irredentism. the authors find that although nationalism exerts both integrating and disintegrating effects on states' territories, it is the latter impact that has dominated. 3. title: democracy and mass skepticism of science authors: jiang, junyan; kinman wan. abstract: since the age of enlightenment, many thinkers and philosophers have viewed democracy and science as two aspects of modernity that reinforce each other. this article highlights a tension between the two by arguing that certain aspects of contemporary democracy may aggravate the mass public's anti-intellectual tendency and thus potentially hinder scientific progress. the authors analyze a new global survey of public opinion on science using empirical strategies that exploit cross-country and cross-cohort variations in experience with democracy, and show that less-educated citizens in democracies distrust science much more than do their counterparts in nondemocracies. further analyses suggest that the increase in skepticism in democracies is not the result of greater religiosity or weaker scientific literacy; instead, it is more likely driven by a shift in the mode of legitimation, which reduces states' ability and willingness to act as key public advocates for science. these findings shed light on the institutional sources of science-bashing in many longstanding democracies. 4. title: where have the guardians gone? law enforcement and the politics of supranational forbearance in the european union authors: kelemen, r daniel; pavone, tommaso. abstract: why would a supranational law enforcer suddenly refrain from wielding its powers? the authors theorize the supranational politics of forbearance the deliberate underenforcement of the law and explain how they arise from cross-pressures between prosecutorial discretion and intergovernmental policy-making. the article then traces why an exemplary supranational enforcer�the european commission�became reluctant to launch infringements against european union member states. while the commission's policy-making role as engine of integration has been controversial, its prosecutorial role as guardian of the treaties has been viewed as less contentious. yet after 2004, infringements launched by the commission plummeted. the authors demonstrate that the commission's political leadership grew alarmed that aggressive enforcement was eroding intergovernmental support for its policy agenda. by reining in the bureaucrats managing enforcement and embracing conciliatory dialogues with governments, the commission sacrificed its role as guardian of the treaties to safeguard its role as engine of integration. the article's findings highlight the consequences of politicizing international institutions and the tradeoffs facing executives double-hatting as prosecutors and policymakers. 5. title: vaccine diplomacy: how covid-19 vaccine distribution in latin america increases trust in foreign governments authors: barham, elena; sarah zukerman daly; gerez, julian e; marshall, john; pocasangre, oscar. abstract: vaccine distribution in the global south has created opp,0@bflrvxz^p���ʸʩʗ�ye]pb4h#�h#�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h#�h#�5�cjojqj^jajh#�5�cjojqj^jaj#h `h `5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h#�h#�5�cjojqj^jajxz\��� � � ~9:m(`a�  � � 74�����������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�2ngd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4��������� � � � � � � � �  |~����̿層��~�p~brp~bbph�2nh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�2nh�2n5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h#�h#�ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(ht45�ojqj^jo(h#�h#�5�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(��89:;<=cdlmuv&(:<_`ab���˾�����}���m�_�r�ehs/�5�ojqj^jo(hihanojqj^jh� )hto�ojqj^jo(h�2nhto�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h�2nh�2n5�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^j hto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(h�2nh�2nojqj^jhih�l$ojqj^jo(bdjk����*,     # $ � � � � � ���ȸ��ȸ㪝��wi[wm?[wmhvi�h�ps5�ojqj^jh��h��5�ojqj^jh�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(h�n]h�n]ojqj^jh� )h$?�ojqj^jo(hvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h�n]h�n]5�ojqj^jh$?�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^j� � � � 4!0647484:4;4=4>4@4a4d4e4�����ƿ���������ho�jho�uh�kohj<ojqj^jo(uh��h��ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(ortunities for vaccine-developing countries to improve their international reputations. leveraging a panel survey conducted in early 2021, this article evaluates whether vaccine diplomacy affects trust in foreign governments in six latin american countries. among vaccinated respondents, trust in the government of the country that they believed developed their vaccine increased relative to trust in the governments of other foreign powers. furthermore, providing information about the aggregate distribution of vaccines within a respondent's country increased vaccine-eligible respondents' trust in the governments of countries from which more vaccines were delivered. in each case, greater trust principally reflects updated perceptions of a common good motivation. the article's empirical findings suggest that vaccine distribution�especially by china, but for other vaccine-developing countries as well�can cultivate favorable international public opinion. these favorable opinions may in turn facilitate great powers' economic, political, or military foreign policy goals.     7494:4<4=4?4@4b4c4d4e4����������gd)w�gd� 01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s�� ��s2���� 0@p`p������2(�� 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p��8x�v~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@pj_hmh nhsh thj`��j ck�e $1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ���$ ؞���k=�w[sobi���b nf�h�&��ŝ�]�6��ҩ��n=���in����a7���qb&>!"�h [�� �lx�z)��w�v�og�%�ţ|8mă#�/��8��'��=���q�u*��c�`c�w{�d6��/�[��yl���%�� ��n� {�\�o�sm�/�~��i�bcax���/=x 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