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volume 82, issue 2, march/april 2022
1. title: evolving motivation in public service: a three-phase longitudinal examination of public service motivation, work values, and academic studies among israeli students
authors: rotem miller-mor-attias, eran vigoda-gadot
abstract: what are the impact of work values and academic training on public service motivation (psm) over time? we present findings from a three-phase longitudinal study on the evolvement of psm of israeli students who gradually enter the job market. a cohort of 2,799 students were surveyed in late 2012 and a surviving final cohort of 558 respondents took part in the third stage of data collection during early 2015. we analyzed this group's postgraduate career development when they joined various public and nonpublic organizations and professions. we tested several hypotheses about possible relationships between and effects of work values (intrinsic�extrinsic; individualistic�collectivistic), academic studies, and person-organization fit and psm over time. in general, individuals with higher levels of intrinsic and collectivistic values, and an academic background in core public service studies demonstrated stronger psm over time. implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
2. title: judgment of volunteer competence among service professionals: stereotypes or skills?
authors: ulrich thy jensen, mette kj�rgaard thomsen
abstract: while public service professionals may rely on stereotypes and social categories in exercising who gets what, when and how in clientelist citizen-state interactions, it remains unclear whether negative judgments similarly pervade in settings where citizens help produce�rather than consume�public services. we propose that service professionals judge volunteers as incompetent based on (1) a lack of the skills necessary to solve specific tasks, and/or (2) negative stereotypes toward volunteers as a means of shielding the privileged position of the profession or safeguarding the quality of services. using an experiment among 817 nursing home professionals, negative judgments of volunteer competence were invoked simply by priming professionals to think of citizens volunteering in service production. the effect, however, is not conditional on the type of task (complementary vs. core) solved by volunteers, suggesting that judgments of competence mainly stem from stereotypes of volunteer (in)competence in assisting with service production.
3. title: socioeconomic status and public sector worker stereotypes: results from a representative survey
authors: isa bertram, robin bouwman, lars tummers
abstract: what views do people have of public sector workers? public sector workers are often portrayed negatively. it is unclear, however, to what extent such negative perceptions are shared among different groups in society. using a large representative survey in the netherlands, we study whether people's socioeconomic status is related to having more negative stereotypes about public sector workers. contrary to expectations, education and income are unrelated to stereotypes. we do find a relation with subjective income: people with low subjective income have more negative stereotypes. moreover, the sector people work in is highly relevant. people working in core governmental sectors such as central and local government have positive stereotypes. other groups�such as private sector and non-profit workers�have a far more negative image of public sector workers. these findings help us to understand people's perceptions of public sector workers and the problems various groups have with the state.
4. title: repairing the state: policy repair in the frontline bureaucracy
authors: ayesha masood, muhammad azfar nisar
abstract: research on street-level bureaucrats has identified their role as policy entrepreneurs through the adoption and advocacy of policy innovations. this article adds to this research by underscoring how street-level bureaucrats use creativity and improvisation to find contextual solutions for emergent local policy problems in response to scarcity. we suggest that these practices of policy repair allow frontline bureaucracies to deal with personnel, process, and material scarcity and maintain public service delivery even in resource-scarce environments. using ethnographic data from punjab, pakistan, we show that this repair work is collaborative, client-centered, and motivated by compassion and kindness. our research indicates that emergent and improvised policy repair allows frontline bureaucracies to be resilient and responsive to scarcity and changing service demands. our findings further suggest that inclusion of street-level bureaucrats in formal policy decisions can help develop context-specific solutions to emergent problems of public service delivery.
5. title: how can servant leaders foster public employees� service-oriented behaviors? a multilevel multisource study in canadian libraries
authors: kathleen bentein, marie-�ve lapalme, sylvie guerrero, xavier parent-rocheleau, gilles simard
abstract: servant leadership, a leadership style that focuses on leading by serving, is well suited to supporting frontline employees� service-oriented behaviors in the public sector. however, we still know little about how servant leaders shape these behaviors in this specific context. drawing on social learning theory, relational identity, and service linkage research, this article addresses this gap and tests a model in which servant leadership is related to service-oriented behaviors through customer orientation at the individual level and through service climate at the group level. the research hypotheses were tested, using a multilevel model, on a sample of 922 employees, 86 supervisors, and 9,547 citizens nested in 86 canadian libraries. results show that servant leaders are associated with high service-oriented behaviors through the ability to strengthen individual customer orientation and service climate. overall, this article highlights that developing servant leaders may help public organizations reach their goal of serving citizens better.
6. title: putting big data to work in government: the case of the united states border patrol
authors: stephen coulthart, ryan riccucci
abstract: investigating how the public sector adopts technologies to process and analyze very large datasets is crucial for understanding governance in the digital age. the authors of this article examine a large government agency, the united states border patrol (usbp), an organization that is in the early phases of building big data capabilities. they argue the wide-scale adoption of big data analytics will require trial-and-error processes coordinated by organizational leadership in partnership with front-line employees who make the technology relevant to their needs in the field. absent engagement from both levels, organizations like usbp that face significant barriers to adoption (e.g., limited data science expertise) will struggle to leverage data at scale. the authors also extend the literature on big data in the public sector and provide a rich description of how factors, such as organizational leadership and resources, impact the innovation process.
7. title: bureaucratic professionalization is a contagious process inside government: evidence from a priming experiment with 3,000 chilean civil servants
authors: kim sass mikkelsen, christian schuster, jan-hinrik meyer-sahling, magdalena rojas wettig
abstract: education is at the center of theories of how bureaucracies professionalize. going back to weber, the process toward a capable and professional bureaucracy has been viewed as driven by the entry of well-educated, professional recruits. we argue that this perspective misses important dynamics within professionalizing bureaucracies�in particular, how bureaucrats inside government react when bureaucracies professionalize. building on this insight, we argue that incumbent bureaucrats face incentives to acquire greater expertise when educated entrants arrive, in order to remain competitive for organizational rewards (such as promotions) inside government and jobs outside government in case educated entrants �outcompete� them. we provide empirical support for these propositions with a priming experiment with 3,000 bureaucrats in chile's central government. bureaucrats primed about the professionalization of other bureaucrats put a greater premium on their own expertise acquisition. our findings suggest that bureaucratic professionalization is a contagious�and thus self-reinforcing�process inside government.
8. title: understanding the role of public management and organizational stability in an uncertain environment: evidence from korean public corporations
authors: sangyub ryu, taeyeon kim
abstract: theoretical discussions have emphasized the role of public management, and evidence from various contexts across the globe supports the positive link between public management and organizational outcomes. however, previous research has lacked a comprehensive approach to testing the management�performance link. furthermore, less is known about the management�performance link in the asian context. using a formal model of public management, the present study examines the impacts of moore's management strategies�managing upward, downward, and outward�on organizational performance. this study also investigates the moderating effect of procedural stability on the negative relationship between environmental uncertainty and organizational performance. analyses of korean public corporations partially confirmed the positive impacts of public management on the performance of korean public corporations. furthermore, a moderating effect of procedural stability was confirmed. future studies are expected to comprehensively test the management�performance link.
9. title: contract renewal in urban water services, incumbent advantage, and market concentration
authors: daniel albalate, germ� bel, francisco gonz�lez-g�mez, andr�s j. picazo-tadeo
abstract: contract renewal with the incumbent is common practice in the contracting-out of public services. it could, however, affect competition by reinforcing trends towards market concentration. this article contributes empirical evidence on the determinants of the result of public tenders for the renewal of private provision of urban water services. a dataset with information on 215 public tenders held in spain between 2008 and 2019 is employed. the methodology is based on logistic regression techniques. the findings indicate that incumbent size does not play a role in the probability of alternation between service providers. furthermore, competition (proxied by the number of bidders) and transparency in managing public tenders both increase the likelihood of alternation between providers. lastly, the estimates suggest that larger municipality size and discretionary power of entrenched political parties might also play a role in favoring incumbent contract renewal.
10. title: environmental and organizational antecedents of plural sourcing of public services
authors: fariborz damanpour, fernando sanchez-henriquez, claudia n. avellaneda
abstract: organizations use multiple governance modes (make, buy, ally) to produce their services. we consider plural sourcing as a portfolio of governance mode choices that a public service organization selects to provide its services, and investigate environmental and organizational factors that stimulate plural sourcing of public services. while studies of governance mode have usually relied on insights from theories of organizational economics (transaction cost, public choice, agency), we rely on insights from theories of organization management (strategic adaptation, structural contingency, organizational capability) to construct a theoretical framework and develop propositions on the determinants of plural sourcing. theory is tested by a four-panel dataset we constructed by merging data from three different sources within 1992�2007. the results using multilevel (hierarchical) logit identify conditions under which organizations choose to externalize, internalize, or co-produce their services. we discuss the implications of our findings for sourcing of organizational activities and suggest ideas for future research.
11. title: resource publicness matters in organizational perceptions
authors: chengxin xu, huafang li
abstract: publicness theory deepens our understanding of differences and similarities of organizational behavior. however, in areas in which public, nonprofit, and private organizations compete to serve people, it remains unclear how the level of dimensional publicness influences individuals� perceptions and choices of organizations. in this study, we present evidence from two online experiments examining the way people's perceptions of resource publicness (operationalized as government funding, donations, and service fees) of elderly care centers in the u.s. influence their judgment of organizations and service choices. findings suggest that people perceive donative organizations to be the warmest and most competent, followed by government-funded and commercial organizations. we conclude that individuals' perceptions of resource publicness lead to different judgment that may influence their service choice decisions.
12. title: public service in the pandemic era: a covid commentary
authors: camilla stivers
abstract: this viewpoint reflects on basic aspects of american public health and politics that are making the covid crisis response less effective than it might be. the performance of public service during a crisis depends as much on self-reflectiveness and hope as on the achievement of measurable results. anthony fauci is offered as an exemplar of authentic public service, understood as living within the truth.
13. title: pandemic, protest, and unrest: lessons learned from a new chief's first 100 days
authors: galia cohen, brad g. fortune
abstract: the police leader's first 100 days present a mix of unique challenges even at the best of times. what kind of challenges do new chiefs face when, during their first 100 days, a global pandemic is declared and nationwide protests and riots against police are sparked in a country under social distancing restrictions? this article discusses the first 100 days' experience of a newly appointed police chief attempting to navigate through this, already overwhelming, transition into his new role. the article identifies five �first 100-day� domains that confronted police leaders with unprecedented challenges and required unprecedented actions. a re-evaluation of these five key areas would help police chiefs improve their capabilities and ability to effectively respond to current challenges as well as to unforeseen future events.
14. title: platform government in the era of smart technology
authors: soonhee kim, kim normann andersen, jungwoo lee
abstract: whereas the concept of platform government emerged a decade ago and virtual states are predicted beginning early 2000s, supporting technologies and infrastructures are now being installed and implemented with highly integrative technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, mobile computing, social media, internet of things, and artificial intelligence. this realization of platform governments leads us to rethink what have been predicted decades ago. time has come for us to really open up real opportunities by facing realistic challenges for public management. the pressure for government innovations, such as algorithmic bureaucracy and collaborative value creation, is increasing. attentions need to be paid with respect to how the managerial role and activities are being transformed, how the nature of work in government is fundamentally changed, and how the decision-making processes are re-institutionalized. further research issues are discussed at the end of this viewpoint.
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15. title: eric foner, the second founding: how the civil war and reconstruction remade the constitution (new york: w. w. norton & company, 2019). 256 pp. $26.95 (hardcover), isbn: 978-0-393-65257-4
authors: maren b. trochmann
abstract: the article reviews the book the second founding: how the civil war and reconstruction remade the constitution by eric foner.
16. title: deborah stone, counting: how we use numbers to decide what matters (new york: liveright, 2021). 312 pp. $26,95 (hardcover), isbn: 978-1-63149-592-2
authors: mark van ostaijen
abstract: the article reviews the book counting: how we use numbers to decide what matters by deborah stone.
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