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�������""������������8�<5��nliiiii}}}snunununununun$@p��r<yn�}}}}}yn��ii4�nuuu}��i�isnu}snuuui�������$�d�����ku?n�n0�nu2s�f2suu�02s� k}}u}}}}}ynyn��}}}�n}}}}��������������������������������������������������������������������2s}}}}}}}}}"qs: journal of political economy
volume 132, issue 1, jan 2024
1. title: evaluating the success of the war on poverty since 1963 using an absolute full-income poverty measure.
authors: burkhauser, richard v.; corinth, kevin; elwell, james; larrimore, jeff.
abstract: we evaluate progress in the war on poverty as president lyndon b. johnson defined it, which established a 20% baseline poverty rate and adopted an absolute standard. while the official poverty rate fell from 19.5% in 1963 to 10.5% in 2019, our absolute full-income poverty measure�which uses a fuller income measure and updates thresholds only for inflation�fell from 19.5% to 1.6%. however, we also show that relative poverty reductions have been modest. additionally, government dependence increased over this time, with the share of working-age adults receiving under half their income from market sources more than doubling.
2. title: estimation of a life-cycle model with human capital, labor supply, and retirement.
authors: fan, xiaodong; seshadri, ananth; taber, christopher.
abstract: we estimate a life-cycle model of consumption, human capital investment, and labor supply. the interaction between human capital and labor supply toward the end of the life cycle is most novel. the estimates replicate the main features of the data, in particular the large increase in wages and small increase in labor supply at the beginning of the life cycle and the small decrease in wages but large decrease in labor supply toward the end. we show that incorporating human capital is critical when analyzing changes to social security.
3. title: market segmentation and competition in health insurance.
authors: dickstein, michael j.; ho, kate; mark, nathaniel.
abstract: in the united states, households obtain health insurance through distinct market segments. to explore the economics of this segmentation, we consider the effects of pooling coverage provided through small employers and through individual marketplaces. we model households' demand for insurance and health care along with insurers' price setting to predict equilibrium choices and premiums. applying our model to data from oregon, we find that pooling can mitigate adverse selection in the individual market and benefit small group households without raising taxpayer costs. our estimates provide insight into the effects of new regulations that allow employers to shift coverage to individual marketplaces.
4. title: spatial influences in upward mobility.
authors: anstreicher, garrett.
abstract: this paper extends a canonical model of intergenerational human capital investment to a geographic context to study the role of migration in influencing income mobility in the united states. the main result is that migration is considerably influential in shaping the high rates of economic mobility observed among children from low-wage areas, with human capital investment behavioral responses being important to consider. equalizing school quality across locations does more to reduce interstate inequality in income mobility than equalizing skill prices, and policies that attempt to decrease human capital flight from low-wage areas via cash transfers are unlikely to be cost-effective.
5. title: o-ring production networks.
authors: demir, banu; fieler, ana cec�lia; xu, daniel yi; yang, kelly kaili.
abstract: we document strong skill matching in turkish firms' production networks. additionally, in the data, export demand shocks from rich countries increase firms' skill intensity and their trade with skill-intensive domestic partners. we explain these patterns using a quantitative model with heterogeneous firms, quality choices, and endogenous networks. a counterfactual economy-wide export demand shock of 5% leads both exporters and nonexporters to upgrade quality, raising the average wage by 1.2%. this effect is nine times the effect in a scenario without interconnected quality choices. we use the model to study the conditions for the success of export promotion policies.
6. title: investing with the government: a field experiment in china.
authors: colonnelli, emanuele; li, bo; liu, ernest.
abstract: we conduct a large-scale, nondeceptive field experiment to elicit preferences for government participation in china's venture capital and private equity market. our main result is that the average firm dislikes investors with government ties. we show that such dislike is not present with government-owned firms and that this dislike is highest with best-performing firms. additional results and surveys suggest that political interference in decision-making is the leading reason why government investors are unattractive to private firms. overall, our findings point to the limits of a model of "state capitalism" that strongly relies on the complementarity between private firms and government capital to drive high-growth entrepreneurship and innovation.
7. title: cultural values and productivity.
authors: ek, andreas.
abstract: this paper estimates differences in human capital as country-of-origin-specific labor productivity terms in firm production functions, making it immune to wage discrimination concerns. after accounting for education and experience, estimated human capital varies by a factor of around three between the 90th and the 10th percentile. when i investigate which country-of-origin characteristics most closely correlate with human capital, cultural values are the only robust predictor. this relationship persists among children of migrants. consistent with a plausible cultural mechanism, individuals whose origin places a high value on autonomy hold a comparative advantage in positions characterized by a low degree of routinization.
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