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research activities and the level of differentiation from universities vary across countries. we investigate whether the differentiation in the research function of uass is reflected in their participation in the european union framework programs for research and innovation (eu-fps). we focus on the current and former uass in four higher education systems with distinct levels of differentiation�the uk, norway, switzerland, and the netherlands. our results show significant cross-country differences in the intensity and type of eu-fp projects acquired. the former uass in the uk and norway had a participation profile similar to that of universities. in more differentiated higher education systems, swiss and dutch uass were more geared toward applied projects. variations both across and within countries emphasize the importance of research capacities. our results carry implications for how national and european authorities can foster uas participation in eu-fps. 2. title: making space for crispr: scientists� translation work to make gene editing a legitimate technology authors: marit svingen and lisbeth jahren abstract: this paper focuses on scientists working with crispr in norway, where genetic modification is thought to be a particularly stigmatized technology with strict regulation and a strong consumer skepticism. drawing on actor�network theory, we investigate the translation work these scientists perform to mobilize crispr as a more legitimate technology and how they relate to society�s perception of gmo. we find that the scientists make co-productions of crispr as a �more controllable� and �socially useful� technology and show how they attempt to mobilize industry, farmers, media, politicians, and youth by (1) distinguishing crispr from gmo, (2) assuring the consumers of crispr�s safety, and (3) creating trust through openness about the risks. we conclude that the scientists� efforts are twofold; they work on solving societal challenges, as well as making continuous efforts to manage their relationship to society. an important part of this work was seen as providing knowledge and creating �new understandings� about crispr; however, if research should take place in conversation with society�s views and opinions, we suggest that the scientists should enter into a two-way dialog with the consumers about these definitions. 3. title: distrust in grant peer review�reasons and remedies authors: liv langfeldt and others abstract: with the increasing reliance on competitive grants to fund research, we see a review system under pressure. while peer review has long been perceived as the cornerstone of self-governance in science, researchers have expressed distrust in the peer review procedures of funding agencies. this paper draws on literature pointing out ability, benevolence, and integrity as important for trustworthiness and explores the conditions under which researchers have confidence in grant review. based on rich survey material, we find that researchers trust grant reviewers far less than they trust journal peer reviewers or their colleagues� ability to assess their research. yet, scholars who have success with grant proposals or serve on grant review panels appear to have more trust in grant reviewers. we conclude that transparency and reviewers with field competencies are crucial for trust in grant review and discuss how this can be ensured. 4. title: a four-asset technology-based growth policy authors: gregory tassey abstract: this paper presents the rationale for a four-asset growth policy model, which the us economy has executed only on a partial and intermittent basis over the past four decades. the need for such a model is driven by (1) growing global competition, (2) resulting slower gross domestic product and personal income growth, and (3) a consequent rise in income inequality. without a more effective growth model to both broaden and deepen the role of technology, declining growth and its skewed distribution among income classes will perpetuate current social and political unrest. to achieve both broader and deeper technology-based growth across the economy, the proposed technology element model specifies the four major asset categories that characterize technology-based economic development, which combine to drive more effective growth policy analysis and development. 5. title: listing quality: chinese journal lists in incoherent valuation regimes authors: jing wang and others abstract: lists of endorsed and discouraged scholarly publications recently emerged as an important transition in chinese journal evaluation. among the targeted users of these lists are researchers, who are to avoid publishing in discouraged journals and focus efforts on endorsed journals. however, it is unclear how these lists affect researchers� valuations when choosing publication outlets. this explorative study investigates the reception of such journal lists in chinese scientists� research practices. our findings suggest that three logics interact in respondents� journal valuations: institutional evaluation regimes, differing epistemic cultures, and the influence of the commercial publishing industry. the reactive effects of both endorsed and discouraged journal lists appear to differ with the ranking status of universities, the seniority of scholars, and research fields. apart from the new institutional evaluation regimes in this interplay, there appear to be more predominant factors than journal lists that inform publishing choices: quantitative indicators, publishers� branding, epistemic cultures, and editorial procedures and publishing models. 6. title: navigating missions: experiences from a long-term r&i programme to transform the building sector in austria authors: harald rohracher and michael ornetzeder abstract: mission-oriented innovation policies are increasingly recognized as an effective strategy for initiating and guiding far-reaching transition processes towards sustainability. in this article, we examine a successful early example of a national mission-oriented research and innovation (r&i) programme (building of tomorrow) that has had a significant impact on the building sector in austria. the objective is to identify the factors and dynamics that contributed to the programme�s success and helped maintain its momentum over a period of more than 20 years. by successively integrating different groups of researchers and practitioners, organizing programme development as an adaptive process of co-production, and regularly  reinventing itself by shifting focus and guiding ideas, the programme sustained its mission momentum. several insights from this case study can provide valuable guidance for organizing mission-oriented programmes, particularly by avoiding an exclusive emphasis on �mission orientation by design� at the expense of processes of sense-making, emergence, and reinvention. 7. title: social innovation, transformation, and public policy: towards a conceptualization and critical appraisal authors: jakob edler and others abstract: this article conceptualizes the role of social innovation (si) in transformational innovation policy, identifies policy options, and points out potential risks of mobilizing si for transformations. we illustrate our conceptual claims based on selected policy examples and propose a set of distinctions about the basic role of policy for si in the context of transformation. we distinguish the importance of si for the two policy approaches: transformative innovation policy and mission-oriented innovation policy. it follows that politics must differentiate between the various types of si and their different significance for missions and transformations. to decide whether and how policy intervenes, ex ante and ex post analyses of the transformational effects of si and the policies that act on them must be developed and applied. it is crucial to accompany and promote the diversity of sis politically in such a way that they can constructively unfold their transformation potential. 8. title: understanding career transitions of applied researchers to universities: evidence from germany authors: cecilia garcia chavez and others abstract: this paper analyses the conditions and factors influencing non-university researchers� career transitions back into academia. using affiliation data in publications of german researchers, their cross-sector career transitions from the public research organisation fraunhofer-gesellschaft and industry to universities are analysed. although the rate of transitions is small, there are distinctive windows of opportunity at a junior career stage, especially for fraunhofer researchers. researchers who publish more and in more acclaimed journals, fraunhofer researchers who co-publish with universities, and women are more likely to gain a university affiliation over the course of their career. these results indicate the influence of institutional proximity for cross-domain career transitions. the quality and impact of academic knowledge could be improved if the higher education sector was more open to recruitment of researchers from other sectors. policy needs to target the barriers that preclude applied researchers from pursuing university careers. 9. title: what makes an entrepreneurial university? institutional moderators of ecosystem impacts in a developing country authors: paola r�cker schaeffer and others abstract: entrepreneurial universities have become a key concept in debates concerning regional economic development. yet, we still fall short of having a clear comprehension of the enablers of such localized impacts arising from academic activity. such conditions are particularly critical for the context of developing countries, which have mostly mimicked initiatives taking place in the context of developed markets. to address these issues, we analyze the impacts generated by research-intensive universities on local innovation ecosystems. we apply a combination of econometric and case study methods for the state of s�o paulo, brazil. results suggest that research-intensive universities, mostly public universities, positively impact their respective innovation ecosystems. moreover, qualified research funds and the existence of a support structure (incubators and science and technology parks) significantly enhance the impacts generated by research-intensive universities. these findings highlight the relationship between the internal constraints of universities and their capacity to generate impacts on local ecosystems. 10. title: moving to smart specialization for sustainability: the implications on the design of monitoring indicators authors: ghinwa moujaes abstract: smart specialization policy, europe�s place-based innovation policy, is transitioning into an innovation policy for sustainability inspired by academic debate and the urgency of societal challenges. the implications in terms of policy design remain underexplored. this paper studies the policy implications of this transition on the design of monitoring indicators. first, a theoretical framework based on the literature is created. then, monitoring indicators used in the first policy phase are summarized into categories and themes through inductive and deductive document analysis. the indicators� strengths and limitations are discussed. by highlighting how monitoring indicators need to adjust to the policy transition, this paper contributes to the literature on innovation policy and smart specialization. it also provides guidance to policymakers by developing a framework on indicator design and providing practical recommendations on aspects that need to be considered, captured, and analysed through the indicators. 11. title: bringing technology to market: national heart, lung, and blood institute sbir phase iib projects authors: sara nienow and others abstract: the national heart, lung, and blood institute (nhlbi) is the fourth largest institute in the us national institutes of health (nih). surprisingly, there is a conspicuous void of policy studies related to the research activities of nhlbi in comparison to nih or the national cancer institute. this paper investigates the likelihood that a business funded through nhlbi�s small business innovation research (sbir) program will commercialize from its phase iib translational support. commercialization is one performance metric that quantifies a policy dimension of the success of the funded sbir project. based on an empirical analysis of sixty-one phase iib projects, we find that the most significant covariate with the likelihood of commercialization is the growth in human capital within the business since the phase iib award. 12. title: the micro-dynamics of scientific choice: research project motivations among public affairs academics authors: john p nelson abstract: academic researchers� choices about research projects to pursue are an important mechanism in societal allocation of research effort. it is unclear whether researchers� criteria for project choice align with those articulated by policy scholars and philosophers. many potential criteria for project choice are commonly discussed in scholarly and popular literature, but they have been little studied on the individual level. i review and catalog such potential criteria and then empirically explore researcher motivations for project choice through factor analysis of survey data from 409 authors of research articles in major public administration and public policy journals. i find empirical support for personal gain, societal importance, and intellectual interest as research motivations. these motivations do not neatly align with proposed ideal criteria for scientific choice. thus, such criteria must be translated to speak to researchers� personal interests to achieve expression in individual scientific choice. 13. title: evolution of the stip literature: discovering the growing role of innovation governance concepts authors: sepehr ghazinoory, alireza ranjbar, tahereh sonia saheb abstract: the evolution of science, technology, and innovation policy (stip) studies has been marked by the emergence and decline of various intellectual streams regarding the innovation process and the role of government. these streams are known as stip generations or paradigms and have undergone changes in perspective on innovation across different historical periods. this article aims to provide a clear understanding of how the themes explored in stip studies have evolved over different stip generations. to this end, a dataset of the most cited research documents from 1975 to 2022 was studied using a mix of bibliometric and thematic analyses. the result reveals that the stip literature has undergone three distinct but interrelated dimensions of evolution: the nature and process of innovation have shifted from a simple linear process to an interactive and complex one; the innovation agenda has expanded to include economic, social, and environmental goals; and perspectives on the governance of innovation have shifted from a centralized mode to a participatory and reflexive one. the conceptual framework developed in this research compares stip generations in terms of the afor!# ,.67;<=?h�������ʸʦʸ���{n`re`:rhicy5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h�h�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h�h�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�g!h�g!5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�h�5�cjojqj^jaj<=>��� � t ~ wx��lm��)*{�,-������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4����� � � � � � � s t \ ] } ~ � � 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