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volume 34, issue 4, october 2021
1. title: acting out or playing along: a typology of citizens' low trust responses to public organizations
authors: rik peeters, mauricio i. dussauge laguna.
abstract: working under the assumption that societal pockets of low trust in government are likely to proliferate, this introduction to the special issue on "governance in low trust settings" integrates insights from the global south and global north to analyze how citizens respond to formal rules and service arrangements of public organizations they perceive as untrustworthy. we develop a typology of low trust responses submission, avoidance, gaming, and resistance as a counterpart to the well established exit voice loyalty neglect framework. we argue that these responses follow from institutional incentives and most likely emerge where people feel the system is not fair or feel like their back is against the wall, and they have the resources to game or resist the system. this article seeks to advance theorizing on governance in low trust contexts and enable a better understanding of citizen responses that are inconsistent with the governance mechanisms and service provision in high trust contexts.
2. title: it takes a village to build illegality: minorities' noncompliance as manifestation of distrust
authors: anat gofen, galit cohen-blankshtain, maram ibraheem.
abstract: often portrayed as social resistance fueled by authorities' discrimination and legal racism, minorities' noncompliance is considered to undermine the current order and commonly ascribed to distrust in government. to better understand noncompliance as a manifestation of distrust, this article focuses on the well documented violation of planning, building, and property laws among the israeli arab minority, who consistently exemplify distrust in government. differing from current research, our analysis explores what facilitates noncompliance on the ground, draws on face to face interviews with 30 arab israeli offenders who built their houses illegally, and uses the noncompliant behavior as the unit of analysis. in contrast to the common idiosyncratic portrayal of noncompliance, illegal building emerged as depending on a threefold collective effort: institutional, social, and practical. uncovering collective support mechanisms for noncompliance suggests that distrust in government is compensated by trust in informal arrangements, thus raising new dilemmas around where personal responsibilities end and public ones begin.
3. title: taking the bite out of administrative burdens: how beneficiaries of a mexican social program ease administrative burdens in street-level interactions
authors: rik peeters, sergio a. campos.
abstract: despite taking the citizen experience of policy implementation as starting point for analysis, the literature on administrative burdens has mostly portrayed citizens as passive victims of burdens. based on a literature review, three hypotheses are formulated regarding citizens' capacity to ease the impact of administrative burdens through behavioral adjustment, use of social and human capital, and strategic behavior. evidence for these strategies is found in a case study of beneficiaries' behavior in a mexican social program, where even the most vulnerable citizens have resources to reduce the impact of administrative burdens, even if the actual causes of those burdens remain out of reach. the findings contribute to understanding (a) variance in people's experience of administrative burdens, (b) the impact of prolonged street level interactions on people's ability to ease administrative burdens, (c) the importance of studying informal street level interactions, and (d) the relevance of studying state citizen interactions in developmental contexts.
4. title: place matters: analyzing the roots of political distrust and brexit narratives at a local level
authors: jos� javier olivas osuna, max kiefel, kira gartzou katsouyanni.
abstract: based on comparative qualitative research in five local authority areas, this article argues that local context is key to understanding the roots of the u.k.'s crisis of political trust and the result of the 2016 e.u. referendum. the competing cultural and economic causes of discontent suggested by the literature were found to be deeply intertwined when analyzed from a local perspective. the sense of political disempowerment and negative attitudes toward migration were ingrained in and reinforced by locally specific socio economic and political trajectories. these experiences were articulated and amplified by dominant discourses, which channeled frustration against the political elite and the e.u. these populist narratives, promoted by the leave campaign and the tabloid press, became dominant in certain areas, decisively shaping citizens' voting behavior. overall, the article highlights the value of studying how local experiences and interpretations mediate the interplay of cultural and economic causes of discontent and political distrust.
5. title: trust-based corruption networks: a comparative analysis of two municipal governments
authors: elizabeth p�rez-chiqu�s, oliver meza.
abstract: this article explores the role of trust in corrupt networks and networks that facilitate corruption. specifically, we ask what is the role of particularized trust in the operation of systemic corruption? how is the basis of trust reflected in the logic of corruption and with which effects? based on the analysis of 50 in depth interviews in two mexican cities, we analyze two types of particularized trust that bind actors in informal networks: trust based on political affiliation and/or personal relationships and trust derived from complicity, or the co participation in illicit activities. analysis suggests that the basis of trust and the dynamics that arise thereof have different effects on the functioning and stability of the informal networks and that these, in turn, reflect the informal governance systems in place. this article provides further empirical evidence to the central role that particularized trust plays in contexts of systemic corruption, highlighting the importance of understanding these dynamics for the design of anti corruption efforts.
6. title: institutional vulnerability and trust in public agencies: views from both sides of the street
authors: peter spink, gabriela lotta, fernando burgos.
abstract: this article seeks to contribute to the discussion of the dynamics of trust in street level public sector work, especially in settings where relationships between agencies, frontline workers, and society are fragile. data was gathered in different vulnerable areas of the city of s�o paulo, brazil using interviews with frontline workers and complemented with field notes from a five year longitudinal study in one high density area with a history of violence. concern was to understand how, despite a lack of reciprocal trust, citizens and service providers create ways of meeting daily demands and how, in doing so, they see each other. results show that in vulnerable settings, issues of inter agency cooperation and territorial connectivity between different public sector services can be more important than individual agency performance in helping citizens find solutions to the problems they are facing. in the absence of an effective inter institutional framework, trust is quickly eroded.
7. title: agencies in the news? public agencies' media evaluations in a low-trust context
authors: alketa peci.
abstract: bureaucratic reputations are largely shaped by the media's evaluations of such agencies. however, the research overlooks how the media evaluates public agencies, particularly in low trust contexts. using inductive machine learning techniques, we uncover the media's evaluations of brazilian regulatory agencies based on more than 38,000 stories published within the last 20 years with the aim of exploring what drives their media evaluations and which reputational dimensions are privileged in the negative media coverage of regulatory agencies. we find different patterns of media evaluations that reflect a unique interplay of media logic, agency strategizing, and the quality of the policy context in which the agencies operate. however, even in a low trust context, some agencies are able to build a favorable media reputation. in contrast, agencies with unfavorable media reputations are systematically questioned along many reputational dimensions and are subject to stronger negativity bias.
8. title: fatal remedies. how dealing with policy conflict can backfire in a context of trust-erosion
authors: eva elizabeth anne wolf, wouter van dooren.
abstract: this article investigates the relationship between policy conflict and trust erosion. it concludes that in a context of trust erosion, practices to deal with conflict may backfire and lead to further conflict escalation. the article draws on an in depth analysis of 32 interviews with key actors in the conflict over a contested multibillion euro highway project in antwerp (belgium). it concludes that while all actors draw on the policy repertoire of "managing public support" to explain the conflict, their perspectives of what it means for a policy to have public support differ. practices to "manage public support" that made sense from one perspective, contributed to the erosion of trust from those holding a different perspective, thus further escalating the conflict. practices intended to end conflict proved to be fatal remedies.
9. title: understanding self-regulation for political control and policymaking: effects of governance mechanisms on accountability
authors: ulf papenfu�, christian a. schmidt.
abstract: self regulation has become a crucial governance mechanism for policymaking and political control. although governments have increasingly implemented self regulation, its effects are under researched. international policymakers highlight the role of self regulation in extending accountability and political control of state owned enterprises (soes). a key accountability area attracting widespread public interest is the level of executive directors' pay. drawing on agency theory, this study analyzes 2,112 pay disclosures of 700 executive directors employed in 289 german soes between 2014 and 2017. the results indicate that both self regulation and its quality have significant effects on behavior control. further, the complementary adoption of self regulation and law has the strongest effects on principals' and agents' behavior and awareness. for the debate on board composition, it is important to note that a higher proportion of politicians as directors on soe boards weakens the effects of self regulation. overall, this study enhances the theoretical understanding of self regulation and provides important policy implications.
10. title: countering fragmentation, taking back the state, or partisan agenda-setting? explaining policy integration and administrative coordination reforms
authors: philipp trein, christopher k. ansell.
abstract: policies to integrate and coordinate across sectors have become important in recent years, but we know little about the drivers of these reforms. this article evaluates three explanations for differences in patterns of policy integration and administrative coordination reforms across countries and policy sectors over time. reform activity could reflect: (a) the fragmenting effects of agencification; (b) a strategy of governments to regain policy control; or (c) partisan agendas. we test these explanatory scenarios using multilevel probit and structural equation models on an original dataset of policy integration and administrative coordination reforms. our findings support the claim that reforms are a reaction to the institutional fragmentation produced by agencification and that agencies drive these reforms. furthermore, we find that left parties are particularly likely to pursue policy in
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