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volume 38, issue 7, aug. 2011
1. title: from gift to waste: changing policies in biobanking practices
authors: tupasela, aaro
abstract: traditionally the analysis of biomedical discourses surrounding biobanking has focused on the role of donation and gift giving as central aspects related to the procurement and use of tissue samples. more recently, studies have looked at the political underpinnings of building national collections of tissue samples. these national projects draw increasingly on a discourse of waste and efficiency as a way of legitimising activities. this paper draws attention to the way new arguments draw from environmental discourses in an attempt to reframe contentious ethical and legal issues in a more favourable light. attempts to evoke notions of efficiency draw on a different set of persuasive techniques to foster support for large research and development ventures involving public-private partnerships, but at the same time limit public debate.
2. title: european competitiveness in information technology and long-term scientific performance
authors: bonaccorsi, andrea
abstract: the reasons behind the poor competitiveness of the european information technology (it) industry vis-�-vis the us one have been discussed many times. this paper suggests that the long-term competitiveness of science-based industries is dependent on the ability of the underlying scientific base to support fast growing, turbulent and proliferating search regimes. this requires institutional mechanisms that foster severe selection of scholars from a large base, student and researcher mobility, and strong institutional complementarity with user industries. the paper compares the history of it in the usa, germany, the uk and france. based on the analysis of the curriculum vitae of the top 1,000 scientists in computer science, it shows that these conditions were only met in the us academic system.
3. title: stem cell researchers' trust, ambivalence and reflexivity: opportunities for improved science-public relations�
authors: marks, nicola j.
abstract: science is a central part of late modern society, but does not automatically command public trust. 'reflexivity' - both in the sense of addressing the unintended consequences of one's work, and in the sense of examining one's normative assumptions - has been put forward as a way of improving science-public trust relations. here, the reflexive potential of stem cell researchers' discourses is examined. these professionals express feelings of dependence and trust/ambivalence towards their work. they raise important concerns with regards to the internationalisation of science, clinical trials, informed consent and commercialisation. the analysis of these discourses uncovers examples of reflexivity. these should be encouraged and built upon to offer a chance of improving relations between science and members of the public.
4. title: the effects of a changing institutional environment on academic research practices: three cases from agricultural science
authors: hessels, laurens k.; grin, john; smits, ruud e.h.m.
abstract: this paper investigates the varying effects of a changing institutional environment on academic research practices in three fields of dutch animal science. our analysis shows that the shifts in funding have stimulated interactions with societal stakeholders in fields where this has helped to sustain a basic research agenda. in other fields researchers experience a tension between satisfying the needs of application-oriented funding sources and reaching high scores on evaluations dominated by bibliometric indicators. the paper concludes with the identification of three field characteristics that seem to moderate the effects of institutional changes on academic research practices.
5. title: the role of business centres in firms' networking capabilities and performance
authors: spithoven, andr�; knockaert, mirjam
abstract: an extensive stream of literature has studied incubators, however, few researchers have focused on business centres, which typically host a broader set of firms, including medium- and low-tech firms. this paper studies the role of business centres in the networking capabilities of their residents and the impact of residence at a business centre on performance. while we find the networking capabilities of business centre residents to be more developed than those of non-residents, this mainly seems to originate from a selection mechanism, with business centres attracting residents with greater networking capabilities. the impact of residence at a business centre on a firm's performance is less obvious. while we find that residence at a business centre has a (marginal) positive effect on employment growth, no significant impact was found for revenue growth.
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